不同密度对四川盆地春、秋季马铃薯生长、产量和经济效益的影响

生态学杂志

不同密度对四川盆地春、秋季马铃薯生长、产量和经济效益的影响

王良俊¹,郑顺林¹,钟蕾¹,李世林²,宋明亮¹,袁继超^1**

(¹农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，四川农业大学农学院，成都 611130； ^2四川省广安市岳池县农业技术推广站，四川广安 638300)

出版日期:2015-06-10 发布日期:2015-06-10

Effects of density on potato growth, yield and economic benefit in spring and autumn in Sichuan Basin.

WANG Liang-jun¹, ZHENG Shun-lin¹, ZHONG Lei¹, LI Shi-lin², SONG Ming-liang¹, YUAN Ji-chao^1**

(¹Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; ²Agricultural Extension Station of Yuechi in Sichuan, Guangan 638300, Sichuan, China)

Online:2015-06-10 Published:2015-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为构建合理的群体结构，充分利用四川盆地春、秋季光、温资源，实现马铃薯高产高效，以“川芋117”为试验材料，采用随机区组设计，研究了5个密度(分别为6×10⁴、9×10⁴、12×10⁴、15×10⁴、18×10⁴株·hm^-2)对春、秋季马铃薯干物质生产和产量的影响。结果表明：与春薯相比，秋薯植株更高，茎粗更小，分枝更少，块茎膨大期的群体叶面积较小，但后期叶面积的下降速度也较慢；春薯干物质积累量和块茎干物质分配比例均高于秋薯，因而较秋薯显著增产，平均增幅达88.5%；春薯的叶面积和总干物质积累量均随密度的增加而先增后减，密度为16.20×10⁴ 株·hm^-2时总干物质积累量最大；秋薯的叶面积和总干物质积累量随密度的增加而增加，总干物质积累量以18×10⁴ 株·hm^-2密度最高；在试验密度范围内，春薯产量与密度呈凸二次函数关系，在15.75×10⁴ 株·hm^-2的密度下最高，秋薯产量与密度呈递增的线性关系，在18×10⁴ 株·hm^-2的密度下最高；密度对春薯的单薯重影响相对较大，对秋薯的单株薯数影响相对较大；随种植密度增加，种薯成本增加，商品薯率降低，净收入也随之变化，春、秋季获得较好经济效益的密度分别为12×10⁴和15×10⁴ 株·hm^-2。

关键词: 小叶锦鸡儿, 发育规律, 积雪形态, 灌丛特征, 阻雪模型

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to figure out the reasonable colony structure of “Chuanyu 117”, which was designed with randomized block in five different densities (6×10⁴, 9×10⁴, 12×10⁴, 15×10⁴ and 18×10⁴ plants·hm^-2), so as to make full use of light and temperature to increase potato yield and efficiency in Sichuan Basin. Compared with spring potato, autumn potato had higher plant height, smaller stem diameter and less branch number, and its leaf area declined more slowly at the tuber bulking stage. The dry matter accumulation and tuber dry matter allocation ratio of spring potato were higher than those of the autumn potato, so spring potato yield was significantly higher than that of autumn potato, with an average increase of 88.5% in this experiment. With the increase of density, the leaf area and total dry matter accumulation of spring potato increased and then decreased, and the total dry matter accumulation arrived at a peak point with a density of 16.20×10⁴ plants·hm^-2. Meanwhile, autumn potato leaf area and total dry matter accumulation increased with the density increase, and the maximum total dry matter accumulation was at the density of 18×10⁴ plants·hm^-2. In the range of density test, the yield of spring potato showed a convex quadratic relationship with density and reached the maximum value at the density of 15.75×10⁴ plants·hm^-2. The yield of autumn potato was positively linearly related with density, and the maximum value was at the density of 18×10⁴ plants·hm^-2. The density obviously affected the single tuber weight of spring potato, while it mostly affected the tuber number per plant of autumn potato. With the density increase, the seed costs increased but the marketable tuber percentage decreased, thus the net income changed. So, the most profitable densities in spring and autumn were 12×10⁴ and 15×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, respectively.

Key words: development pattern, counteracting snow movement model., Caragana microphylla, shrub characteristics, snow morphology

王良俊1,郑顺林1,钟蕾1,李世林2,宋明亮1,袁继超1**. 不同密度对四川盆地春、秋季马铃薯生长、产量和经济效益的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

WANG Liang-jun1, ZHENG Shun-lin1, ZHONG Lei1, LI Shi-lin2, SONG Ming-liang1, YUAN Ji-chao1**. Effects of density on potato growth, yield and economic benefit in spring and autumn in Sichuan Basin.[J]. cje.

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