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沈阳桃仙国际机场鸟类多样性及鸟撞防范

丁振军,李东来,万冬梅,殷江霞,张雷**   

  1. (辽宁大学生命科学院辽宁省动物资源与疫病防治重点实验室, 沈阳 110036)
  • 出版日期:2015-09-10 发布日期:2015-09-10

Avian diversity and bird strike avoidance at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport.

DING Zhen-jun, LI Dong-lai, WAN Dong-mei, YIN Jiang-xia, ZHANG Lei**   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, Department of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China)
  • Online:2015-09-10 Published:2015-09-10

摘要: 为了解沈阳桃仙国际机场附近的鸟类群落特征,给机场鸟类防范管理提供数据支持,预防鸟撞事故发生,于2012年9月—2013年8月在机场周围7 km范围内,采用样线法和样点法进行鸟类多样性调查。共布设3条样线和7个样点,涵盖居民区、农耕区、山地、林地和河流5种生境,共记录到鸟类35种,隶属于10目21科。计算了5种生境中鸟类多样性指数、分布系数及重要值,并考虑了鸟类在桃仙机场范围内飞行高度对鸟撞风险的影响,将所记录到的鸟类分为严重危险、很危险、较危险和一般危险4个等级,其中严重危险的有树麻雀、苍鹭、喜鹊、红隼,很危险的有家燕、夜鹭、大山雀、家鸽等5种,较危险的有白尾鹞、绿头鸭、大斑啄木鸟、灰喜鹊等16种,一般危险的有赤胸鸫、大沙锥、鹌鹑、锡嘴雀等10种。基于上述研究结果,提出了桃仙机场鸟撞防范对策和建议。

关键词: 微生物多样性, 隔根根系, 绿肥, 互作, 碳源

Abstract: In order to understand the avian community and provide data for airport managers to avoid bird strike accidents, a bird survey was conducted using three transects and seven sampling points within a radius of 7 km at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport during September 2012 and August 2013. In total, 35 species of birds, belonging to 10 orders and 21 families, were recorded in five habitats including residential area, farming land, mountain, forest, and river. The Shannon diversity index, distribution coefficient and importance value of different avian species in the five habitats were calculated. Furthermore, the bird strike risk index for each bird species was calculated by multiplying the importance value and risk index. Accordingly, four risk levels were clarified as severe, heavy, moderate and low. Severe risk species included Passer montanus, Ardea cinerea, Pica pica, Falco tinnunculus. Heavy risk species included Hirundo rustica, Nycticorax nycticorax, Parus major, Columba livia. 16 species (such as Circus cyaneus, Anas platyrhynchos, Dendrocopos major, Cyanopica cyana) were included in the moderate risk group, and 10 species (such as Turdus chrysolaus, Gallinago megala, Coturnix coturnix, Coccothraustes coccothraustes) in the low risk group. This study provided strategies and suggestions for bird strike avoidance in the airport area.

Key words: root separation, green manure, carbon source, root interaction, microbial diversity