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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市湿地削减大气细颗粒物PM2.5功能

康晓明1,2,3,崔丽娟1,2,3**,赵欣胜1,2,3,李伟1,2,3,张曼胤1,2,3,魏圆云1,2,3,雷茵茹1,2,3,马牧源1,2,3   

  1. 1中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所, 北京 100091; 2湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100091; 3北京汉石桥湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 北京 101399)
  • 出版日期:2015-10-10 发布日期:2015-10-10

Effect of wetlands on reducing atmospheric fine particles PM2.5 in Beijing.

KANG Xiao-ming1,2,3, CUI Li-juan1,2,3**, ZHAO Xin-sheng1,2,3, LI Wei1,2,3, ZHANG Man-yin1,2,3, WEI Yuan-yun1,2,3, LEI Yin-ru1,2,3, MA Mu-yuan1,2,3   

  1. (1Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;  2Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China;  3Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China)
  • Online:2015-10-10 Published:2015-10-10

摘要: 基于野外观测与遥感反演相结合的方法,在点位和区域尺度上研究北京城区湿地在削减大气细颗粒物PM2.5中的作用。结果表明,北京城区湿地能够显著削减周边大气环境中的细颗粒物浓度,其中翠湖湿地附近的PM2.5浓度显著低于周边裸地(P<0.05),可削减空气中17%的PM2.5,降低幅度最高可达50%。而且,湖库湿地在削减PM2.5浓度方面作用更加显著,优于河流湿地(P<0.05)。北京市PM2.5浓度的空间分布格局表现出西北<东南、郊区<城区的空间分布规律。因此,在未来的湿地建设中应合理选择湿地类型,更多地考虑紧凑型湿地如湖库湿地的建设,科学配置湿地和植物资源,使湿地更加有效地发挥其增湿、促使局地流场发生变化的作用,最终改善局地微气象条件,削减大气细颗粒物,缓解城市雾霾天气。研究结果为北京市湿地保护管理、规划和布局以及及时制定控制PM2.5的政策和措施提供了科学依据。

关键词: 低CO2, 低光照, 光合速率, 碳酸酐酶, 坛紫菜, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract:

Based on field observation and remote sensing data, this research investigated the function of wetlands in reducing the concentration of atmospheric fine particles PM2.5 in Beijing. The results indicated that wetlands could reduce the PM2.5 concentration significantly. For example, the concentration of PM2.5 around Cuihu Lake wetland (P<0.05) was remarkably lower than that nearby bare land. Wetland reduced PM2.5 in surrounding air by 17% averagely, and the peak reduction could reach 50%. The results also demonstrated the reduction effect of lake and reservoir was larger than that of river (P<0.05). The distribution of PM2.5 in Beijing showed a spatial pattern of northwest < southeast and suburb region < downtown. It is necessary to appropriately select wetland types especially lake and reservoir wetlands and properly allocate plants in wetlands in future wetland construction, so that wetlands can play roles in humidifying and changing the flow field, thus achieving the goals of improving meteorological conditions, reducing atmospheric fine particles, and relieving haze in urban area. This research provides scientific guidance for wetlands conservation, planning and distribution in Beijing, as well as for making policies of PM2.5 pollution control.
 

Key words: Pyropia haitanensis, lowered light, chlorophyll fluorescence., decreased carbon, photosynthesis rate, carbonic anhydrase