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陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落空间格局——以天水市为例

马利邦1**,范昊2,石培基1,郭晓东3,孟小楠1   

  1. 1西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070; 2北京师范大学资源学院, 北京 100875; 3兰州大学管理学院, 兰州 730000)
  • 出版日期:2015-11-10 发布日期:2015-11-10

Spatial pattern of rural settlements in loess hilly area: A case study of Tianshui City, Gansu Province.

MA Li-bang1**, FAN Hao2, SHI Pei-ji1, GUO Xiao-dong2, MENG Xiao-nan1   

  1. (1College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;  2College of Resources Sciences & Technology, Beijing Normal University Beijing, 100875; 3School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)
  • Online:2015-11-10 Published:2015-11-10

摘要: 基于天水市2013年“第二次全国土地调查”数据库,提取聚落、河流、道路等属性数据,借助景观空间格局指数和景观格局分析模型,从县域和市域两个尺度分析天水市乡村聚落的空间分布特征。结果表明:天水市县域乡村聚落景观分异明显,秦安县乡村聚落斑块小,但分布密集,村村分离不明显;清水县乡村聚落斑块大,但分布稀疏,村村分离明显。清水县、甘谷县和秦安县聚落斑块复杂、不规则,分布较为破碎,随机分布态势较强;其他县区乡村聚落形态比较简单、规则,破碎程度小,分布较规整。此外,天水市域乡村聚落规模、形态和格局空间分布特征明显,各乡镇乡村聚落斑块规模与全市平均斑块规模差距小,在临近地域建筑观念和地形特征相似因素的影响下,乡村聚落规模大小有着趋同性;同时,天水市乡村聚落呈现“北部中部沿河密集,东部南部依山稀疏”,具有明显的环境指向性,乡村聚落斑块数目和斑块密度在南北方向上均呈现较明显的“U”型态势,在东西方向上分别为西高东低和中部向东西两侧递减的趋势。

关键词: 改良措施, 药用植物, 连作障碍, 土壤养分, 土壤微生物

Abstract: Based on the second national land resource survey database of Tianshui City in 2013, the attribute data such as rural settlements, rivers and roads were extracted. The spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements at county and city levels were analyzed by using landscape spatial pattern indexes and landscape pattern analysis model. The results showed that an obvious spatial differentiation in landscapes of rural settlements of Tianshui City was found at county level. The rural settlements of Qin’an County were in shape of small patches, but intensively distributed, with villages being relatively close to each other. However, the rural settlements of Qingshui County were totally opposite to those of Qin’an County. The settlement patches of Qingshui, Gangu and Qin’an counties were complex and irregular, and presented a fragmented, random distribution. However, the settlement patches of other counties were simpler, with a lower degree of fragmentation and a regular distribution. In addition, there were obvious spatial features in the size, shape and pattern of distribution of rural settlements at Tianshui City scale. The differences between patch size of township rural settlements and the city’s average patch size were not obvious, so the size of rural settlements had a high level of homoplasy due to similar architectures and terrain characteristics in adjacent regions. Meanwhile, the dense rural settlements were mainly distributed in the north of the city and along the middle Weihe River, while rural settlements in the south and east of the city were sparse, presenting clear directivity of environment. The distribution of patch number and patch density showed an obvious "U" shape in northsouth direction, and a pattern of ‘west high and east low’ in westeast direction. They also showed a decreasing trend from central area to the eastwest sides.

Key words: soil nutrient, soil microbe, medicinal plant, amendment method, consecutive monoculture problem