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基于环境保护正外部性视角的我国生态补偿研究进展

王娜娜1,武永峰1,胡博1,陈崇娟1,2,刘宏斌3,罗良国1**   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081; 2中国农业大学资源与环境
    学院, 北京 100193; 3中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业部农业面源污染重点实验室, 北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2015-11-10 发布日期:2015-11-10

Progress in research on ecological compensation in China from the perspective of positive externality of environmental protection.

WANG Na-na1, WU Yong-feng1, HU Bo1, CHEN Chong-juan1,2, LIU Hong-bin3, LUO Liang-guo1**   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; 2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 3Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)
  • Online:2015-11-10 Published:2015-11-10

摘要:

通过政策手段使人类的生产、生活对生态环境造成的外部性成本内部化,从而调动人们保护生态环境的积极性,并逐步形成为正面激励环保行动与实践的制度安排,这是国际上对于生态补偿的普遍理解。本文立足于生态补偿是为保护生态环境而额外支付了成本或丧失了发展机会需要给予补偿、以维护环保者持续保护生态环境原动力的特质,阐述了我国生态补偿研究在其定义、理论基础、补偿机制内涵与类型、补偿标准与方式、补偿效果评价等方面所取得的进展,并特别针对当下我国生态补偿实践中需要强化的生态补偿的立法化、补偿标准确立方法的规范化、补偿方式的灵活多元化以及补偿效果持续追踪评价方面的问题提出了建议。
 

关键词: 太阳高度角, 近地遥感, 晴空指数, 叶面积指数, 宽带植被指数

Abstract:

It has been widely accepted that the internalization of external cost of ecosystem caused by human activities can be achieved by policy devices, which is also beneficial to establishment of institutional arrangement in the practice of encouragement of environmental protection. To maintain the enthusiasm of environmentalists, it is necessary to compensate them for their extra payment or opportunity lost due to environmental protection. We review the literature describing achievement progress in the ecocompensation definition, theoretical basis, connotation and types of compensation mechanism, compensation standard and method, and evaluation of compensation performance in China. Recommendations regarding legislation, method standardization and diversification, and effect tracking in the practices of ecocompensation are proposed.
 

Key words: broadband vegetation index, leaf area index, solar elevation., near-surface remote sensing, clearness index