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我国植物根围促生细菌研究进展

刘丹丹,李敏,刘润进*   

  1. (青岛农业大学菌根生物技术研究所, 山东青岛 266109)
  • 出版日期:2016-03-10 发布日期:2016-03-10

Recent advances in the study of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in China.

LIU Dan-dan, LI Min, LIU Run-jin*   

  1. (Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdaog 266109, Shandong, China)
  • Online:2016-03-10 Published:2016-03-10

摘要: 根围(rhizosphere)和植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)是重要的生物学概念,已成为当今土壤微生物学和微生态学研究热点之一。我国已从粮食作物、经济作物和其他植物上分离到27属53种(株)PGPR,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)是常见的PGPR的种群。研究表明,PGPR通过直接合成一些激素和抗生素等次生代谢物质、调控植物相关基因表达和调节根围土壤中其他生物的群落结构等作用机制,来活化土壤养分、改善土壤理化特性、增加土壤肥力、拮抗病原物、降低植物病害、提高抗病性、增强耐盐性、耐寒性、耐重金属毒性、促进作物生长发育、增加作物产量和改善品质。PGPR这些生理生态效应受到包括PGPR菌种在内的其他生物、土壤条件和农艺措施的影响。所研发的数个PGPR制剂已经商品化生产并且广泛用于促进植物生长及防控土传病害,效果明显。此外,我国已完成多个PGPR菌种(株)全基因组测序分析工作。这些均表明,我国PGPR应用基础研究取得了丰硕成果,为进一步实现PGPR的产业化及其应用奠定了坚实的基础;PGPR在解决作物生产中的一些难题和促进农林牧业可持续发展具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 呼吸作用, 生物结皮, 模拟增温, 低温

Abstract: The rhizosphere and plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are important concepts in biology, and become one of research hotspots in soil microbiology and microecology. Total 53 species (isolates) belonging to 27 genera of PGPR were isolated from food crops, economic crops and other plants grown in China, of which isolates in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Burkholderia are common and widely distributed PGPR. It is well documented that PGPR can activate soil nutrients, improve soil physical and chemical characteristics, increase soil fertility, antagonize pathogens, decrease plant diseases, enhance plant resistance to diseases, salt stress, coldness and heavy metal toxicity, improve crop growth, development, yield and quality through directly synthesizing hormones, antibiotics and other secondary metabolites, and by regulating plant related gene expressions and other living organisms community structure in rhizosphere. All of these effects are influenced by PGPR species or isolates, other living organisms, soil conditions and agricultural measures. Several PGPR agents developed have been commercialized, produced and applied for enhancing plant growth and controlling soilborn diseases with superior effects. In addition, whole genome sequencing analysis of several species and isolates of PGPR were finished in China. It is concluded that great achievements have been obtained in basic application research, and a solid foundation for realizing the industrialization and application of PGPR has been laid in China. There are broad application prospects for PGPR solving some difficult problems in crop production and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

Key words: respiration, biocrusts, low temperature, simulated warming