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低温对台湾青枣(Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.)苗期形态的影响

唐力生1,胡飞2,王华1*   

  1. (1广东省气候中心, 广州 510080; 2华南农业大学农学院, 广州 510642)
  • 出版日期:2016-04-10 发布日期:2016-04-10

Influences of low temperature on the morphology of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in seeding stage.

TANG Li-sheng1, HU Fei2, WANG Hua1*   

  1. (1Climate Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510080, China; 2College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China).
  • Online:2016-04-10 Published:2016-04-10

摘要: 在人工模拟试验箱设置-4、-3、-2、-1、0、1和2 ℃共7个低温处理,每个低温处理持续时间设1、2和3 d共3个水平,观测低温对台湾青枣苗期形态的影响及低温处理后的恢复情况,确定台湾青枣苗期的低温受害指标;并在5个地理移置点进行自然低温试验,观测不同低温条件对台湾青枣苗期形态的影响及低温处理后恢复情况,验证和完善台湾青枣苗期的低温指标。结果表明:极端最低气温低于-2 ℃时,青枣苗受害,确定-2 ℃为低温临界受害指标;极端最低气温低于-4 ℃时,青枣苗死亡率可达67%,确定-4 ℃为低温致死指标;冬季最低气温如高于0 ℃对树体、花果均无不良影响;连续多日出现剧烈的温度变化会导致青枣苗落叶。本研究结合人工模拟低温实验及自然低温试验构建的台湾青枣苗期低温指标较台湾资料中的青枣低温耐受力要强,可为青枣苗期管理及寒害防御提供科学依据。

关键词: BEPS模型, 净初级生产力, 参数优化, 总初级生产力, 协同应用

Abstract: The low temperature injury index of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in seeding stage was explored in environmental climate chambers under seven low temperature conditions of -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1 and 2 ℃, and three duration levels of 1, 2 and 3 d for each condition. Morphology change and recovery situation of Z. mauritiana were observed after low temperature treatment. Moreover, five geographical displacements were conducted to observe Z. mauritiana morphology change and recover situation under different low temperature conditions. The result shows that the Z. mauritiana seedlings suffered damage when it was below -2 ℃, indicating that -2 ℃ was the threshold value of suffering damage at low temperature. When it was below -4 ℃, the mortality rate of Z. mauritiana reached 67%, indicating -4 ℃ was the death indicator at low temperature. The minimum temperature of above 0 ℃ in winter did not harm the tree body, flowers and fruits. Leaf cast was caused by dramatic weather changes for days. The results suggest that Z. mauritiana trees feature stronger endurance of cold weather than they do in Taiwan, providing a scientific basis for management and chill injury defense of Z. mauritiana in seedling stage.

Key words: net primary productivity, collaborative application, gross primary productivity, BEPS, parameter optimization