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不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落特征及稳定性

柴正群1,2,可胜杰1,黄吉1,黄钰淼1,贾永超1,3,陶玫1,李强1,陈国华1*#br#   

  1. 1 云南农业大学植物保护学院, 昆明 650201; 2 云南农业大学热带作物学院, 云南普洱 665000; 3 青岛农业大学经济与管理学院, 山东青岛 266109)
  • 出版日期:2016-12-10 发布日期:2016-12-10

Arthropod community characteristics and stability in summer maize fields with different planting environments.

CHAI Zheng-qun1,2, KE Sheng-jie1, HUANG Ji1, HUANG Yu-miao1, JIA Yong-chao1,3, TAO Mei1, LI Qiang1, CHEN Guo-hua1*#br#   

  1. (1College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; 2College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer 665000, Yunnan, China; 3College of Economic and Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China).
  • Online:2016-12-10 Published:2016-12-10

摘要: 对云南普洱不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落进行调查,应用群落特征指数、群落稳定性和主成分分析法,对不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落特征、稳定性和主成分进行对比分析。结果表明,调查区夏玉米田共采集到节肢动物10174头,隶属2纲15目100科261种,其中单作地夏玉米田采集到节肢动物共计5604头,隶属2纲13目84科168种,混交地夏玉米田采集到节肢动物共计4570头,隶属2纲15目90科209种。与单作地夏玉米田相比,混交地夏玉米田节肢动物群落物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数、丰富度指数、天敌物种数及个体数均较高;植食性昆虫个体数及其所占比例、优势集中性指数和优势度指数较低;群落较稳定;群落多样性、均匀性、丰富度等指数随时间变化波动较小;单作地夏玉米田中,刺吸昆虫个体数量和食叶昆虫物种数量是主导节肢动物群落变化的最主要因子;混交地夏玉米田中,寄生昆虫个体数量、捕食昆虫物种数量和刺吸昆虫个体数量主导了节肢动物群落的变化。

关键词: 施氮量, 无机氮, 根际, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: An investigation was conducted on arthropod community in summer maize fields with different planting environments in Puer, Yunnan Province. The community characteristic index, community stability and principal component analysis were applied to analyze the arthropod community in summer maize fields with different planting environments. The results showed that a total of 10174 arthropod individuals were collected, which belonged to 2 classes, 15 orders, 100 families, and 261 species. In summer maize field with monoculture planting environment, 5604 arthropod individuals were found, belonging to 2 classes, 13 orders, 84 families and 168 species. In summer maize field with mixed planting environment, 4570 arthropod individuals belonging to 2 classes 15 orders 90 families and 209 species were found. Compared with summer maize field with monoculture planting environment, the number of species, diversity, evenness, abundance index of arthropod community, the number of species and individuals of natural enemies in summer maize field with mixed planting environment were higher, while the individuals and proportion of phytophagous insects, the dominant concentration index and dominance index were lower. In summer maize field with mixed planting environment, the community was more stable, and diversity, evenness and richness index of community had smaller fluctuation with time. In summer maize field with monoculture planting environment, the individual number of piercing sucking insects and species number of leaffeeding insects were the dominant factors affecting arthropod community, while in summer maize field with mixed planting environment, the individual number of parasitic insects, species number of predatory insects and the individual number of piercing sucking insects were the dominant factors determining the change of arthropod community.

Key words: rhizosphere, nitrogen application rate, soil enzyme activities, inorganic nitrogen.