不同熟期玉米干物质积累、分配与转运特征

生态学杂志

不同熟期玉米干物质积累、分配与转运特征

钱春荣^1,2,王荣焕¹,赵久然^1*,于洋²,徐田军¹,郝玉波²,姜宇博²,宫秀杰^2,李梁²,葛选良²

(¹北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心，北京 100097； ^2黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/农业部东北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站，哈尔滨 150086)

出版日期:2017-08-10 发布日期:2017-08-10

Characteristics of accumulation, distribution and translocation of dry matter in maize hybrids differing in maturity duration.

QIAN Chun-rong^1,2, WANG Rong-huan¹, ZHAO Jiu-ran^1*, YU Yang², XU Tian-jun¹, HAO Yu-bo², JIANG Yu-bo², GONG Xiu-jie², LI Liang², GE Xuan-liang^2#br#

(¹Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; ^2 Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150086, China).

Online:2017-08-10 Published:2017-08-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文以9个不同熟期玉米品种为试验材料，于2014和2015年在哈尔滨市开展田间试验，研究不同熟期玉米品种干物质积累、分配与转运特征，为玉米全程机械化生产合理选用品种提供依据。结果表明：品种熟期越长，其穗粒数与产量越高，但中早熟品种与中晚熟品种产量差异不显著；品种熟期越长，其花前与花后干物质积累量越多，中早熟与中晚熟品种花后干物质积累量差异不显著；成熟期干物质主要分配在籽粒，各器官所占比重依次为籽粒>茎>叶>穗轴>苞叶>叶鞘；中早熟品种收获指数最高，比极早熟和中晚熟品种高4个百分点；不同营养器官其花后干物质转运量不同，3种熟期品种仅叶片有稳定的干物质输出，极早熟品种叶鞘干物质没有转运，中早熟和中晚熟品种叶鞘不同年度间均有少量干物质输出；3种熟期类型品种花后干物质积累率在56%～69%，花后物质积累对籽粒产量贡献率高达89%～98%。可见，在哈尔滨地区，无论是极早熟品种、中早熟品种还是中晚熟品种，玉米产量的形成主要依靠花后同化物积累，而非营养器官的物质转运；花前、花后干物质积累量与出苗至吐丝期间≥10 ℃有效积温呈显著正相关，与吐丝至成熟期间≥10 ℃有效积温呈显著负相关。

关键词: 生态风险, 致病菌, 生物气溶胶, 猪场, 抗性基因, 采样时长

Abstract: Nine maize hybrids differing in maturity duration were planted in Harbin in 2014 and 2015 to study their characteristics of accumulation, distribution and translocation of dry matter, and to provide theoretical guidance for selecting suitable maize varieties adapting to wholly mechanized maize production. The results showed that kernel number and yield of midlate maturity hybrids were higher than those of midearly and superearly maturity ones, but the yield difference between midlate and midearly hybrids was not significant. Dry matter accumulated before or after silking increased with hybrid’s longer growth stage. Difference in dry matter accumulated after silking between midlate and midearly hybrids was not significant. The grain accounted for the main proportion of dry matter after maturity, and the order from high to low proportion of other organs was stem, leaf, cob, bract, and leaf sheath. The harvest index of midearly hybrids was four percents higher than that of superearly and midlate ones. Matter translocation from vegetative organs were different, and dry matter translocation from leaf was found in the three types of hybrids, but dry matter translocation from leaf sheath was not observed in the superearly maturity hybrids and was found once a while in the midearly and midlate maturity ones. The percentage of dry matter accumulated after silking was from 56% to 69%, and the contribution rate of dry matter accumulated after silking to yield was from 89% to 98%. Therefore, the grain yield depended on assimilation products after silking but not on dry matter translocation from vegetative tissues in Harbin. The amount of dry matter accumulated before and after silking was significantly positively correlated with effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ from seedling to silking, and significantly negatively correlated with effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ from silking to mature.

Key words: antibiotic resistance genes, ecological risk, pig farm, bioaerosol, conditioned pathogen, sampling time

钱春荣1,2,王荣焕1,赵久然1*,于洋2,徐田军1,郝玉波2,姜宇博2,宫秀杰2,李梁2,葛选良2. 不同熟期玉米干物质积累、分配与转运特征[J]. 生态学杂志.

QIAN Chun-rong1,2, WANG Rong-huan1, ZHAO Jiu-ran1*, YU Yang2, XU Tian-jun1, HAO Yu-bo2, JIANG Yu-bo2, GONG Xiu-jie2, LI Liang2, GE Xuan-liang2. Characteristics of accumulation, distribution and translocation of dry matter in maize hybrids differing in maturity duration.[J]. cje.

[1]	乔斌, 颜玉倩, 张婷华, 李秀阳, 张睿, 李晓东, 李甫, 李素雲, 祝存兄, 周秉荣. 基于土地利用变化的西宁市景观生态风险识别及优化策略 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(8): 2020-2031.
[2]	娜珠盼·斯德克江, 麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜, 李新国, 杨秀云. 沿城市化梯度带土壤重金属潜在生态风险 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(5): 1107-1114.
[3]	左岍, 周勇, 李晴, 王丽, 刘婧仪, 何楠. 基于最优尺度的鄂西南山区景观生态风险时空变化特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(5): 1186-1196.
[4]	刘思佳, 史明易, 马旭, 王少锋, 吴星, 王新, 曾祥峰, 贾永锋. 渤海表层沉积物中砷的含量、形态、空间分布及风险评价 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(12): 2844-2852.
[5]	何钊全, 尚雪, 张铜会, 云建英. 近20年陕北黄土丘陵区景观生态风险时空变化及其冷热点格局 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(10): 2514-2525.
[6]	张倩, 韩贵琳. 不同岩性背景区关键带土壤地球化学特征及生态风险 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(1): 115-122.
[7]	陈心曲, 丁忠义, 杨俊, 陈晓东, 陈媚楠. 沛北矿城复合区景观生态风险评价及驱动力分析 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(9): 1796-1803.
[8]	郭彦君, 郭文炯. “三生空间”视角下山西中部盆地城市群景观生态风险分析 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(9): 1813-1824.
[9]	陆晴, 刘根林, 闫冰, 赵东升. 道路网络对景观格局及景观生态风险的影响——以瑞兴于地区为例 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(11): 2236-2244.
[10]	李毅, 夏呈强, 冯焱, 李宏, 张锋, 关丽, 董凯诗, 申少斐. 通过宏基因组分箱方法揭示南极联合冰川土壤中ARG宿主 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(9): 2832-2841.
[11]	秦旭芝, 罗志祥, 季文兵, 梁鹏, 苏荣, 李方, 刘旭, 尹娟. 桂西北地质高背景区有色金属冶炼对周边土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(8): 2324-2333.
[12]	王百羽, 张珣, 王宝玉, 蔺新, 武轶, 安婧. 沈阳蔬菜地土壤中典型抗生素抗性基因与可移动元件分布特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(7): 2113-2119.
[13]	安婧, 高程程, 王宝玉, 闫秀秀, 魏树和. 生物炭对外源抗生素及其抗性基因的吸附行为与去除机制 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(4): 1210-1221.
[14]	吉莉, 董霁红, 房阿曼, 黄艳利, 李全生, 曹志国. 宝日希勒大型露天矿敏感区划定及重金属累积效应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(10): 3325-3338.
[15]	杨庚, 张振佳, 曹银贵, 庄亦宁, 杨凯, 白中科. 晋北大型露天矿区景观生态风险时空异质性 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(1): 187-198.