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雅鲁藏布江中游裂腹鱼类的分布及栖息地特征

朱挺兵1,陈亮1,2,杨德国1*,马波3,李雷3#br#   

  1. 1中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室, 武汉 430223; 2上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306; 3中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所, 哈尔滨 150070)
  • 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-10-10

Distribution and habitat character of Schizothoracinae fishes in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River.

ZHU Ting-bing1, CHEN Liang1,2, YANG De-guo1*, MA Bo3, LI Lei3#br#   

  1. (1 Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan 430223, China; 2 College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 3Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Harbin 150070, China).
  • Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-10-10

摘要: 分别于2015年4月和10月对雅鲁藏布江中游裂腹鱼类的分布与栖息地环境特征进行了调查。结果表明:雅鲁藏布江中游现分布有裂腹鱼类6种,即异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax oconnori)、双须叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus dipogon)、拉萨裸裂尻鱼(Schizothorax younghusbandi)、拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)、巨须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax macropogon)和尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewarti);尖裸鲤仅在雅鲁藏布江仁布以上江段出现,异齿裂腹鱼和拉萨裸裂尻鱼在所有调查断面均有分布。RDA分析显示,河宽、流速和pH是影响裂腹鱼类栖息地选择的主要因子。针对当前雅鲁藏布江中游存在的过度捕捞、外来物种入侵和梯级水电开发等问题,建议管理部门采取划定保护区、禁捕、宣传放生土著鱼类等措施来维持裂腹鱼类栖息地的有效性。

关键词: 生态位重叠, 相对重要性指数, 生态位宽度, 闽江口

Abstract: The distribution and habitat characters of Schizothoracinae fishes in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River were investigated in April and October, 2015. The results showed that there were six Schizothoracinae fishes distributed in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River, including Schizothorax oconnori, Ptychobarbus dipogon, Schizothorax younghusbandi, Schizothorax waltoni, Schizothorax macropogon, and Oxygymnocypris stewarti. Oxygymnocypris stewarti was only found above Renbu section of the Yarlung Zangbo River, while S. oconnori and S. younghusbandi were found at all sampling sites of the middle Yarlung Zangbo River. RDA model showed that river width, flow velocity and pH were the main factors affecting the distribution of Schizothoracinae fishes in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River. In consideration of overfishing, alien species invasion and cascade hydropower development in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River, the management departments should take actions such as defining conservation regions, forbidding fishing by law and promoting the release of native fish to sustain the effectiveness of habitat of Schizothoracinae fishes.

Key words: index of relative importance, niche breadth, Minjiang River Estuary., niche overlap