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长白山阔叶红松林优势树种的木腐真菌群落结构特征

魏玉莲1*,李通1,2   

  1. 1中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室(沈阳应用生态研究所), 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2017-11-10 发布日期:2017-11-10

Community characters of wood-decaying fungi on dominant hosts in the broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain.

WEI Yu-lian1*, LI Tong1,2   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2017-11-10 Published:2017-11-10

摘要: 木腐真菌是森林生态系统中非常重要的组成部分,能够降解倒木,实现生态系统中的物质循环。长白山阔叶红松林林分结构复杂,林内植物种类多样,倒木数量极多,为木腐真菌的生长提供了丰富的基质。为了解该林分中不同树种对木腐真菌的影响,本研究选取了长白山自然保护区25 hm2永久性大样地中325块20 m×20 m的样方,对样方中的木腐真菌进行了调查和记录,并对其中4类优势树种槭属、椴属、栎属和松属倒木上的降解真菌分别进行了统计和分析,结果发现:阔叶红松林中这4种优势寄主上的木腐真菌占所调查真菌总数的86.6%,物种数占总数95.3%,囊括了该林分中木腐真菌的绝大多数。但不同树种上的真菌种类有很大差别,4种树种上木腐真菌的种类韦恩图显示,这4类优势树种共有种类仅为7种,而各自独特种至少占本类树种倒木上真菌种类的25%,尤其松属上的独特种类数占松属真菌总数的45.7%。倒木的腐烂程度和径级对木腐真菌也有着极为重要的影响。不论哪个树种,腐烂程度为2级的倒木均生长有种类最多、数量最大的真菌;而径级大于10 cm的倒木也是木腐真菌的优先选择。  

Abstract: Wood-decaying fungi are an important component of forest ecosystems; they can decompose the dead wood and play a key role in the nutrient cycle of the ecosystem. The broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain harbors complex structure and multiplex plants and provides rich substrates for wood-decaying fungi. To understand the effect of the host plants on wooddecaying fungi, 325 subplots, each with 20 m × 20 m, were selected in the Changbai Mountain Plot (the CBS plot). Every fungal individual in the subplots was recorded and identified, and the statistic analyses of wood-decaying fungi collected from four dominant hosts were done, including Acer, Quercus, Tilia and Pinus. The results showed that the fungi on the four hosts comprised 86.6% of all individuals and 95.3% of all species in the subplots. The discrepancy of the fungal species on different hosts was clearly observed. The Venn diagram showed that only seven species were common on the four hosts. The distinct species on different hosts accounted for >25% of their respective fungal composition. Moreover, the decaying degree and the diameter of dead wood also influenced the fungal community. The highest fungal diversity was observed on the wood with large diameter (>10 cm) and in the decaying degree 2.