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施氮及豆-禾混播对草地群落及土壤呼吸的影响

唐雪娟1,徐丽君1,逄焕成1,杨云卉1,王笛1,李达1,白可喻1, 2*   

  1. (1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081; 2国际生物多样性中心东亚办事处, 北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2018-03-10 发布日期:2018-03-10

Impacts of nitrogen application and legume-grass mixed planting on grassland community and soil respiration.

TANG Xue-juan1, XU Li-jun1, PANG Huan-cheng1, YANG Yun-hui1, WANG Di1, LI Da1, BAI Ke-yu1,2*   

  1. (1Institute of Agricultural Resources and RegionalPlanning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; 2BiodiversityInternational East Asia Office, Beijing 100081, China).
     
  • Online:2018-03-10 Published:2018-03-10

摘要: 豆禾混播是提高水土资源保持和利用效率、抑制土地退化和维持土壤健康的重要栽培措施。本实验以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦、紫花苜蓿+羊草5种不同类型的人工草地为研究对象,以施氮水平为辅因素,通过对地上生物量、光合特性和土壤呼吸强度的比较研究,探明施氮条件下豆-禾混播草地群落动态及土壤呼吸日变化特征,以期为内蒙古东部地区人工草地合理建植与利用提供理论依据。结果表明:与苜蓿单播和羊草单播的生物量相比,混播对提高草地总体的生物量效果不显著;与苜蓿混播能在不同程度上提高禾本科牧草的净光合速率,其中无芒雀麦提升效果显著,3种牧草单播的净光合速率表现为紫花苜蓿<无芒雀麦<羊草;施氮提高了不同建植方式下人工草地的平均土壤呼吸强度;与苜蓿混播能显著提高禾草草地的土壤呼吸强度,且最高点一般出现在10:00—12:00。

关键词: 经济效益, 氮淋失, 水稻-油菜轮作系统, 一次性施肥

Abstract: Legumegrass mixed planting is an important way to improve conservation and useefficiency of water and soil resources, restore degraded land, and maintain soil health. Five types of pastures (Medicago sativa, Bromus inermis,Leymus chinensis, M. sativa and B. inermis mixed planting, andM. sativa and L. chinensis mixed planting) were established in HulunbuirGrassland Station, with different nitrogen fertilization levels being applied. Aboveground biomass,photosynthetic characteristics and soil respiration were measured, aiming to understand the impacts of nitrogen application and legumegrass mixed planting on the characteristics of grassland community and the dynamics of soil respiration and thus provide theoretical basis for pastureestablishment and optimal utilization in eastern Inner Mongolia. Results showed that mixed planting did notsignificantly increase the total biomass of pasture as expected under drought condition. The netphotosynthetic rate (Pn) of the three species was in the order of:M. sativa <B. inermis<L. chinensis. Mixed sowing with alfalfa significantly improved the Pn of grasses. Nitrogen application increased the soil respiration intensity under each planting type. Moreover, mixing with alfalfa improved soil respiration intensity, with perk values occurring at 10:00-12:00.

Key words: nitrogen leaching, economic benefit, rice-rape rotation system, one-off fertilization