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生化抑制剂组合对黄泥田土壤氨挥发及累积特性的影响

周旋1,2,3,吴良欢1,2*,董春华3   

  1. 1教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室/浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058;2浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室/浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058; 3湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125)
  • 出版日期:2018-04-10 发布日期:2018-04-10

Effects of combined biochemical inhibitors on ammonia volatilization and cumulation in yellow clayey soil.

ZHOU Xuan1,2,3, WU Liang-huan1,2*, DONG Chun-hua3   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 3Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China).
  • Online:2018-04-10 Published:2018-04-10

摘要: 采用室内培养方法,通过不同剂量和配比试验,研究脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP)及其两者组合对黄泥田土壤氨(NH3)挥发速率、累积特征及动力学特性的影响。结果表明:尿素施用于黄泥田土壤后3天NH3挥发速率逐渐到达峰值,随后下降趋于平稳;与单施尿素处理相比,不同剂量CP处理会加剧土壤中NH3挥发,增加NH3挥发速率峰值10.9%;不同剂量NBPT处理延缓土壤中NH3挥发出峰时间,显著降低NH3挥发速率峰值35.0%;培养第24天,NBPT处理土壤NH3挥发累积量较单施尿素处理降低37.2%,而CP处理增加2.1%;NBPT抑制黄泥田土壤NH3挥发效果显著;与仅添加CP处理相比,两者组合表现出有效地对NH3挥发损失的协同抑制效应;NBPT+CP组合可以有效延缓施肥初期尿素水解,从而减少NH3挥发损失;土壤NH3挥发累积量(第24天)较单施尿素处理降低14.2%,而随着CP剂量的增加,损失量增大;NH3挥发累积量随时间(t)变化的动力学特性可用Elovich方程(qt=a+blnt)进行定量描述,且拟合值显著相关;其中,CP处理增加斜率b值,且随着剂量的增加而增大;NBPT处理降低斜率b值,且随着剂量的增加而减小;NBPT+CP组合可以有效降低斜率b值。相关性分析表明,黄泥田土壤中NH3挥发速率与pH值呈显著正相关。总体认为,在黄泥田土壤中施用NBPT,或与CP配施可以显著减少土壤NH3挥发损失量,降低土壤氮素损失,提高肥料利用率。

关键词: 冬枣, 15N, 分配, 13C, 吸收, 分次追氮, 利用

Abstract:

We investigated the effects of urease inhibitorN(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (CP), and their combined application on NH3 volatilization rate, NH3 accumulation and dynamics of yellow clayey soil in an incubation experiment. Results showed that NH3 volatilization rate peaked after three days of urea application and then leveled off. CP treatments with different application doses promoted soil NH3 volatilization and increased the peak value of NH3 volatilization rate by 10.9%. NBPT treatments with different application doses delayed the peak time of soil NH3 volatilization and significantly reduced the peak value of NH3 volatilization rate by 35.0%. NBPT significantly inhibited soil NH3 volatilization. On the 24th day after incubation, soil NH3 volatilization amount was reduced by 37.2% in NBPT treatments as compared with urea treatment, while it was increased by 2.1% in CP treatments. Compared with application of CP alone, combined application of CP with NBPT showed synergistic inhibition effect on NH3 loss. NBPT+CP treatments effectively delayed urea hydrolysis in early time, and thus reduced NH3 loss by 14.2% (day 24) as compared with urea treatment. However, NH3 volatilization increased with the increases of CP dose. Furthermore, the dynamics of the cumulative amount of NH3 volatilization could be quantitativelydescribed by Elovich equation (qt=a+blnt). Additionally, CP treatments increased the slopeb value, which increased with the increasing dose. NBPT treatments reduced the slope b value, which decreased with the increasing dose. NBPT+CP treatments reduced the slopeb value. Soil NH3 volatilization rate was significantly positively correlated with soil pH. In conclusion, application ofNBPT or combined with CP could significantly reduce soil NH3 volatilization rate and soil N loss, and thus improve fertilizer utilization in yellow clayey soil.
 

Key words: winter jujube, 15N, allocation, 13C, absorption, topdressing nitrogen application, utilization