三七连作土壤浸提液对其根腐病菌的化感效应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.016

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 2227-2235.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.016

三七连作土壤浸提液对其根腐病菌的化感效应

姚春芝¹, 蒋宇婷¹, 杨玉婷¹, 马彦钰¹, 潘蕾吕¹, 李云龙¹, 孙永泉², 陈吉², 赵军^1,3*

¹南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023;
²苏州市耕地质量保护站, 江苏苏州 215000;
³江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 南京 210023

收稿日期:2020-02-09 接受日期:2020-05-26 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2021-01-15
通讯作者: E-mail: junzhao37@njnu.edu.cn
作者简介:姚春芝, 女, 1998年生, 本科生。主要从事土壤微生物与土壤病害防控相关研究。E-mail: yaochunzhi327@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41701277,41771281)、南京师范大学大学生创新创业训练项目(三七重茬土壤浸提液对病原菌菌丝生长和种群数量的影响研究)和中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M630573,2019T120442)资助

Allelopathic effect of extracts from Panax notoginseng mono-cropped soil on its root rot pathogens

YAO Chun-zhi¹, JIANG Yu-ting¹, YANG Yu-ting¹, MA Yan-yu¹, PAN Lei-lyu¹, LI Yun-long¹, SUN Yong-quan², CHEN Ji², ZHAO Jun^1,3*

¹School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
²Suzhou Station of Farmland Quality Protection, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China;
³Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2020-02-09 Accepted:2020-05-26 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2021-01-15
Contact: E-mail: junzhao37@njnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41701277, 41771281), the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Nanjing Normal University (Study on the Effect of Extracts from Panax notoginseng Mono-Cropped Soil on the Growth and Population of Soil Pathogens) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M630573, 2019T120442).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用甲醇、乙酸乙酯和水分别按液土比3∶1、6∶1和9∶1对三七连作土壤进行浸提,研究其浸提液对三七根腐病菌生长和种群数量的影响。结果表明: 平板培养72 h后,甲醇、乙酸乙酯和水浸提液对尖镰孢菌和腐皮镰孢菌的菌丝生长均表现为化感促进,其中,甲醇和乙酸乙酯浸提液对尖镰孢菌的化感效应指数为14.0%～19.8%和16.2%～20.2%,高于水浸提液的8.9%～14.2%,且不同浸提比例之间差异不显著;而甲醇浸提液对链格孢菌菌丝生长表现为化感抑制,且抑制效应在浸提比例为3∶1时最强,达到-33.2%～-38.5%,乙酸乙酯和水浸提液对链格孢菌菌丝生长无显著影响。土壤培养4周后,甲醇、乙酸乙酯和水浸提液均能增加土壤中尖镰孢菌的数量,其中,水浸提液的增加效应最强,达到每克干土3.49×10⁶～9.56×10⁶拷贝数,高于甲醇(每克干土1.68×10⁴～6.73×10⁴拷贝数)和乙酸乙酯浸提液(每克干土1.77×10⁴～3.72×10⁴拷贝数),且这种增加效应随浸提比例的增加逐渐减弱;水浸提液和低浸提比例的甲醇提取液均能增加土壤中腐皮镰孢菌的数量,而重茬土壤浸提液对链格孢菌的数量影响不显著。因此,三七连作土壤浸提液对根腐病菌如尖镰孢菌和腐皮镰孢菌均表现出明显的化感促进效应,这可能是再植三七易发生根腐病等土传病害的原因之一。

关键词: 三七, 化感效应, 尖镰孢菌, 腐皮镰孢菌, 链格孢菌

Abstract: Methanol, ethyl acetate, and water were used to extract the continuous cropping soils of Panax notoginseng, with the solution/soil ratios of 3:1, 6:1, and 9:1. We investigated the effects of those soil extracts on the growth and population of root-rot pathogens of P. notoginseng. Results showed that the methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts all promoted mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani after 72 h of plate culture. The response indices of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts on the growth of F. oxysporum were 14.0%-19.8% and 16.2%-20.2%, being higher than that of water extract (8.9%-14.2%), but without significant difference between diffe-rent extraction ratios. However, methanol extract inhibited the mycelial growth of Alternaria spp. The inhibitory effect was highest at the extraction ratio of 3:1, reaching -33.2% to -38.5%. Ethyl acetate and water extracts did not affect the mycelial growth of Alternaria spp. After four weeks of soil culture, methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts all increased the F. oxysporum populations. The positive effect of water extract was higher than that of methanol (1.68×10⁴-6.73×10⁴ copies·g^-1 dry soil) and ethyl acetate (1.77×10⁴-3.72×10⁴ copies·g^-1 dry soil) extracts, being 3.49×10⁶-9.56×10⁶ copies·g^-1 dry soil. This increment was weakened along with the increase of extraction ratio. Both water extract and methanol extract with low extraction ratio could increase the F. solani populations, while there were no significant effects of methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts on the population of Alternaria spp. Therefore, the extracts from continuous P. notoginseng cropping soil showed allopathically promoting effects on the growth and population of root-rot pathogens, F. oxysporum and F. solani, which may be one of the reasons for the occurrence of root rot and other soil-borne diseases in replanted P. notoginseng gardens.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, allelopathic effect, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria spp

姚春芝, 蒋宇婷, 杨玉婷, 马彦钰, 潘蕾吕, 李云龙, 孙永泉, 陈吉, 赵军. 三七连作土壤浸提液对其根腐病菌的化感效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2227-2235.

YAO Chun-zhi, JIANG Yu-ting, YANG Yu-ting, MA Yan-yu, PAN Lei-lyu, LI Yun-long, SUN Yong-quan, CHEN Ji, ZHAO Jun. Allelopathic effect of extracts from Panax notoginseng mono-cropped soil on its root rot pathogens[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(7): 2227-2235.

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三七连作土壤浸提液对其根腐病菌的化感效应

Allelopathic effect of extracts from Panax notoginseng mono-cropped soil on its root rot pathogens

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