不同缓控释肥对鲜食玉米产量、品质及氨挥发的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.028

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 2422-2430.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.028

不同缓控释肥对鲜食玉米产量、品质及氨挥发的影响

安文博^1,2, 孙焱鑫^1,3, 李占台^1,2, 王激清², 邹国元^1,3, 杨俊刚^1,3*

¹北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 新型肥料研究与应用创新团队, 北京 100097;
²河北北方学院农林科技学院, 河北张家口 075000;
³北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097

收稿日期:2019-11-04 接受日期:2020-05-06 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2021-01-15
通讯作者: E-mail: jungangyang@163.com
作者简介:安文博, 男, 1994年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事作物科学施肥与管理研究。E-mail: 1041799123@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200601)、北京市粮经作物产业创新团队(BAIC09-2019)和国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-88)资助

Effects of different slow/controlled release fertilizers on yield, quality of fresh maize and ammonia emissions

AN Wen-bo^1,2, SUN Yan-xin^1,3, LI Zhan-tai^1,2, WANG Ji-qing², ZOU Guo-yuan^1,3, YANG Jun-gang^1,3*

¹New Fertilizer Research and Application Innovation Team, Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
²College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China;
³Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-release Fertili-zer, Beijing 100097, China

Received:2019-11-04 Accepted:2020-05-06 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2021-01-15
Contact: E-mail: jungangyang@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200601), the Beijing Innovation Team of Cereal and Cash Crop Production (BAIC09-2019) and the National Maize Production System in China (CARS-02-88).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用田间试验,设置不施氮对照(CK)、常规施肥(U)、增效尿素(DU)、包膜尿素(CU)、缓控释掺混尿素(CDU)共5个处理,研究了常规施肥(240 kg N·hm^-2)和不同缓控释肥料一次性减量施用(180 kg N·hm^-2)对鲜食玉米产量、品质与土壤无机氮变化和氨挥发的影响。结果表明: U处理氨挥发总量最高,追肥是产生氨挥发损失的重要因素;与U处理相比,DU、CU、CDU处理氨挥发减排78%～81%。收获后U处理80～100 cm土层硝态氮浓度最高,为51.6 mg·kg^-1,氮淋溶风险较高,而DU、CU、CDU处理同土层硝态氮含量均较低,降低了淋溶风险。与U处理相比,减氮25%的3个缓控释肥处理没有减产,并增加了籽粒维生素C、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量;缓控释肥处理之间,DU处理的氮肥农学效率和经济效益最高。综上,减量施用新型缓控释肥可以实现鲜食玉米稳产提质,显著降低氨挥发损失和硝态氮淋失风险。与成本较高的树脂包膜控释肥相比,双效抑制剂增效肥(DU)成本低、制作便捷,是鲜食玉米专用肥的较好选择。

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 包膜尿素, 增效尿素, 氨挥发, 减量施肥

Abstract: A field experiment with five treatments, control (CK, no fertilizer), conventional fertilization (U), double-effect inhibitor synergistic urea (DU), coated urea (CU) and slow/controlled release urea mixture (CDU), was conducted to investigate the effects of conventional fertilization (240 kg N·hm^-2) and one-off application of different slow/controlled release fertilizers (180 kg N·hm^-2) on the yield and quality of fresh maize, soil inorganic nitrogen (N), and ammonia (NH₃) emissions. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization was the highest in treatment of conventional fertilization (U), with N topdressing being an important source of NH₃ emission. Compared with U treatment, the NH₃ volatilization in the DU, CU, and CDU treatments was reduced by 78%-81%. At harvest stage, the soil layer of 80-100 cm in the U treatment had the highest nitrate concentration (51.6 mg·kg^-1), resulting in a high risk of N leaching. In contrast, the nitrate concentrations in the same soil layer in the slow/controlled release fertilizer treatments were much lower, reducing the risk of leaching. In comparison with U, three slow/controlled release fertilizer treatments with 25% lower N application did not decrease yield but increased seed Vc, soluble sugar and protein contents. The agronomic efficiency and economic benefit of DU treatment were the highest among three slow/controlled release fertilizers treatments. In conclusion, the application of new type of slow/controlled release fertilizer could improve the yield and quality of fresh maize, and significantly reduce the risk of ammonia loss and N leaching. Considering the higher cost of the polymer coated urea, the double-effect inhibitor urea has lower cost and is more convenient to make. It is therefore a better choice to fresh maize planting.

Key words: fresh maize, coated urea, synergistic urea, ammonia volatilization, reduced fertilization

安文博, 孙焱鑫, 李占台, 王激清, 邹国元, 杨俊刚. 不同缓控释肥对鲜食玉米产量、品质及氨挥发的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2422-2430.

AN Wen-bo, SUN Yan-xin, LI Zhan-tai, WANG Ji-qing, ZOU Guo-yuan, YANG Jun-gang. Effects of different slow/controlled release fertilizers on yield, quality of fresh maize and ammonia emissions[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(7): 2422-2430.

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不同缓控释肥对鲜食玉米产量、品质及氨挥发的影响

Effects of different slow/controlled release fertilizers on yield, quality of fresh maize and ammonia emissions

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