露蕊乌头花性状的表型选择

生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 2616-2621.

露蕊乌头花性状的表型选择

路宁娜^1,2,马妍³,孟秀祥^1*

（¹中国人民大学环境学院，北京 100872； ²西北师范大学生命科学学院，兰州 730070； ³兰州大学生命科学学院，兰州 730030）

出版日期:2020-08-10 发布日期:2021-02-10

Phenotypic selection on flower traits of Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae).

LU Ning-na^1,2, MA Yan³, MENG Xiu-xiang^1*

(¹School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; ²College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; ³College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China).

Online:2020-08-10 Published:2021-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解释植物的花性状的进化机制，分析选择作用的强度和方向是必须的方法之一。采取表型操控实验和表型选择分析，通过人为增加露蕊乌头侧萼片开度，本文揭示了露蕊乌头花性状与适合度的关系，探究了花性状的表型选择作用。结果发现，增加侧萼片开度后，传粉者首访的频率及访花的总次数降低，但对单花种子产量没有影响；露蕊乌头的株高、花数目、盔高及侧萼片宽度均受到总选择作用，而花数目和株高的选择梯度显著，受到了直接选择作用；而花数目则受到稳定选择，即中等开花数目具有更高的种子产量。以上结果表明，侧萼片宽度是露蕊乌头吸引传粉者的主要特征，而花序越高、花数目适中的植株，种子产量也越多。

关键词: 露蕊乌头, 传粉者, 侧萼片, 表型选择, 雌性适合度

Abstract: To uncover the evolutionary mechanism of floral traits, it’s necessary to analyze the intensity and direction of phenotypic selection. Through manipulating the width of lateral sepals of Aconitum gymnandrum(Ranunculaceae) and phenotypic selection analysis, we examined the relationship between floral traits and fitness of A. gymnandrum. The results showed that, after increasing the width of lateral sepals, the visitation rate of pollinators was significantly decreased, but seed number per flower did not change. Lateral sepals affected pollen export mainly through pollinator attraction rather than seed production. Phenotypic selection estimated through female fitness showed significant linear selection differential on the flower traits except entry width. There was significant linear selection gradient on flower number and plant height, and only flower number was observed with significant nonlinear selection, showing directional selection on plant height and stabilizing selection on flower number. Individuals with taller stature and intermediate flower number would have higher seed production.

Key words: Aconitum gymnandrum, pollinator, lateral sepal, phenotypic selection, female fitness.

路宁娜, 马妍, 孟秀祥. 露蕊乌头花性状的表型选择[J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(8): 2616-2621.

LU Ning-na, MA Yan, MENG Xiu-xiang. Phenotypic selection on flower traits of Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae).[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(8): 2616-2621.

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