间伐改形对陇东高原密闭富士苹果园冠层微域环境及叶片生理特性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202011.030

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 3681-3690.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202011.030

间伐改形对陇东高原密闭富士苹果园冠层微域环境及叶片生理特性的影响

牛军强, 孙文泰, 董铁, 尹晓宁, 刘兴禄, 马明^*

甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2020-04-23 接受日期:2020-09-03 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2021-06-10
通讯作者: * E-mail: maming65118@163.com
作者简介:牛军强, 男, 1976年生, 副研究员。主要从事苹果栽培及生理生态研究。E-mail: niujq222@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31760556,31760555)、甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目(GPCK 2011-1)、国家苹果产业技术体系项目(GARS-27)、国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201135)和农业部西北地区果树科学观测试验站项目(S-10-18)资助

Effects of thinning and reshaping on canopy micro-domain environment and leaf physiological characteristics in dense Fuji apple orchard on Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China

NIU Jun-qiang, SUN Wen-tai, DONG Tie, YIN Xiao-ning, LIU Xing-lu, MA Ming^*

Institute of Forestry, Fruits and Floriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2020-04-23 Accepted:2020-09-03 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2021-06-10
Contact: * E-mail: maming65118@163.com
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760556, 31760555), the Scientific and Technological Project of Apple Industry in Gansu (GPCK 2011-1), the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (GARS-27), the National Key Research ＆ Development Program of China (2016YFD0201135), and Project of Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Fruit Trees in Northwest Area of Ministry of Agriculture (S-10-18).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究间伐改形对成龄乔化密闭红富士苹果园冠层微域环境、叶片显微结构、叶片生理特性和光合能力的影响,以16年生密闭红富士苹果园为研究对象,对果园冠层相对光照强度、温度、相对湿度、叶片叶绿素含量、显微结构、叶片光合和荧光等参数进行了测定。结果表明: 间伐改形后树体冠层相对光照强度、温度得到显著改善,分布更均衡,>30%的有效光强是对照(未间伐改形,CK)的1.57倍,温度比CK平均高1.1 ℃;间伐树体叶片叶绿素、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度显著提高,分别比CK提高了8.7%、5.4%、9.2%;叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度也显著提高,分别比CK提高了12.6%、17.1%和7.3%。间伐果园和密闭果园叶片光合作用均受非气孔因素限制,间伐树体叶片的PSⅡ最大荧光产量和非光化学猝灭系数比CK提高了1.5%和2.1%。间伐改形后,叶片并未发生强光抑制,叶片单位反应中心吸收的光能、捕获的用于电子传递的能量和用于还原Q_A的能量得到显著提高。叶片生理特性与所处的光照、温度环境密切相关,密闭果园间伐改形后,果园冠层光照、温度得到改善,促进了叶片生长发育,改善了叶片显微结构,提高了叶片光合效能,是适宜陇东高原苹果产区密闭红富士果园调整和优化的关键措施。

关键词: 苹果, 密闭果园, 间伐改形, 微域环境, 叶片特性

Abstract: We examined the effects of thinning and reshaping on the canopy micro-domain environment, leaves micro-structure, physiological characteristics and photosynthetic capacity of 16 year-old Fuji apple dense orchards by measuring canopy relative light intensity, temperature, relative humidity, leaf chlorophyll content, micro-structure, and photosynthetic fluorescence. After thinning and reshaping, relative light intensity and temperature of tree canopy were significantly improved, and the distribution was balanced. Effective light intensity (>30%) was 57% higher than that of control (thinning and reshaping, CK), and temperature increased by 1.1 ℃. Due to the improvement of relative light intensity and temperature in the canopy, leaf chlorophyll, leaf thickness, and palisade tissue thickness of thinning trees were increased by 8.7%, 5.4%, and 9.2%, respectively. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves were also significantly increased, being 12.6%, 17.1% and 7.3% higher than CK, respectively. Leaf photosynthesis capacity of both treatments was limited by non-stomatal factors. After thinning and reshaping, F_m (maximum fluorescence) and q_N(non-photochemical quenching coefficient) of PSⅡ in leaves were increased by 1.5% and 2.1%. Leaves did not suffer strong light photoinhibition, with ABS/RC (unit reaction center absorbs light energy), ETo/RC (energy used for electron transfer captured by unit reaction center) and TRo/RC (energy captured by the unit reaction center to reduce Q_A) of leaves being significantly improved. The physiological characteristics of leaves were closely related to light and temperature environment. After thinning, light and temperature of the orchard canopy were improved, which promoted leaves growth and development, improved foliar micro-structure and photosynthetic efficiency. Thinning and reshaping were suitable strategies for the adjustment and optimization of Fuji orchard density in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu.

Key words: apple, dense orchard, thinning and reshaping, micro-domain environment, leaf cha-racteristics

牛军强, 孙文泰, 董铁, 尹晓宁, 刘兴禄, 马明. 间伐改形对陇东高原密闭富士苹果园冠层微域环境及叶片生理特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(11): 3681-3690.

NIU Jun-qiang, SUN Wen-tai, DONG Tie, YIN Xiao-ning, LIU Xing-lu, MA Ming. Effects of thinning and reshaping on canopy micro-domain environment and leaf physiological characteristics in dense Fuji apple orchard on Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(11): 3681-3690.

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间伐改形对陇东高原密闭富士苹果园冠层微域环境及叶片生理特性的影响

Effects of thinning and reshaping on canopy micro-domain environment and leaf physiological characteristics in dense Fuji apple orchard on Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China

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