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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 2574-2582.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.019

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兰州市南北两山5种典型人工林凋落物的水文功能

刘小娥, 苏世平*   

  1. 甘肃农业大学林学院, 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-29 修回日期:2020-06-12 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2021-02-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: susp008@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘小娥, 女, 1981年生, 讲师。主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究。E-mail: liuxiaoe81@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41661067)和甘肃省科技厅自然科学基金项目(GSAU-STS-1628)资助

Hydrological functions of litters under five typical plantations in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City, Northwest China

LIU Xiao-e, SU Shi-ping*   

  1. College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2020-04-29 Revised:2020-06-12 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2021-02-15
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41661067) and the Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology of Gansu Province (GSAU-STS-1628).

摘要: 结合野外实地观测和室内浸水试验,对兰州市南北两山5种典型人工林(侧柏林、刺槐林、新疆杨林、侧柏+刺槐混交林、新疆杨+刺槐混交林)凋落物的持水特性进行研究。结果表明: 不同林分类型凋落物的蓄积量在13.50~47.01 t·hm-2,依次为新疆杨+刺槐混交林>侧柏+刺槐混交林>侧柏林>刺槐林>新疆杨林。除侧柏林外,其他林分类型的半分解层蓄积量所占比例均高于未分解层。凋落物最大持水率在190.8%~262.7%,新疆杨+刺槐混交林最大,侧柏林最小。凋落物最大持水量在35.29~123.59 t·hm-2,依次为新疆杨+刺槐混交林>侧柏+刺槐混交林>刺槐林>侧柏林>新疆杨林。凋落物的吸水速率在浸水0~1 h直线下降,1 h后降幅减缓,未分解层凋落物吸水速率小于半分解层。最大拦截量和有效拦截量(深)均为新疆杨+刺槐混交林>侧柏+刺槐混交林>侧柏林>刺槐林>新疆杨林,且新疆杨+刺槐混交林有较高的有效拦截率,表明新疆杨+刺槐混交林在兰州市南北两山有较好的保持水土和涵养水源能力。

关键词: 兰州市南北两山, 林分类型, 凋落物, 持水特性

Abstract: Combined with field observation and indoor water immersion test, water holding characteristics of litters from five typical plantations (Platycladus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus alba var. pyramidalis, P. orientalis+R. pseudoacacia, P. alba var. pyramidalis+R. pseudoacacia) in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City were examined. Results showed that litter mass under the plantations ranged from 13.50 to 47.01 t·hm-2, with an order of P. alba var. pyramidalis+R. pseudoacaciaP. orientalis+R. pseudoacaciaP. orientalisR. pseudoacaciaP. alba var. pyramidalis. The percentage of un-decomposed litters was greater than that of semi-decomposed litters in all plantations except for P. orientalis plantations. The maximum water-holding rate of litters ranged from 190.8% to 262.7%, with the greatest value in the P. alba var. pyramidalis+R. pseudoa-cacia and the lowest in P. orientalis plantations. The maximum water-holding capacity of litters was 35.29-123.59 t·hm-2, with an order of P. alba var. pyramidalis+R. pseudoacaciaP. orientalis+R. pseudoacaciaR. pseudoacaciaP. orientalisP. alba var. pyramidalis. Litter water absorption rate declined linearly within the first hour, and then decreased slowly. Semi-decomposed litters had a higher water-absorption rate than un-decomposed litters. The maximum water retaining amount and effective retaining amount of the litters were P. alba var. pyramidalis+R. pseudoacaciaP. orientalis+R. pseudoacaciaP. orientalisR. pseudoacaciaP. alba var. pyramidalis. P. alba var. pyramidalis+R. pseudoacacia had the highest effective retaining rate. P. alba var. pyramidalis+R. pseudoacacia plantation had highest capacity for soil and water conservation in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City.

Key words: southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou City, stand type, leaf litter, water hol-ding characteristics