外源输入氮素在藓类生物土壤结皮中各氮组分的分配特征与归趋途径

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.024

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 2653-2662.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.024

外源输入氮素在藓类生物土壤结皮中各氮组分的分配特征与归趋途径

姚小萌^1,2, 肖波^1,2,3*, 王国鹏^1,2, 李胜龙^1,2, 田乐乐^1,2, 孙福海^1,2

¹中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院, 北京 100193;
²农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室, 北京 100193;
³中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2019-12-16 修回日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2021-02-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: xiaobo@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:姚小萌, 女, 1991年生, 博士研究生。主要从事干旱生态系统土壤碳氮研究。E-mail: yxmcxh@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41671221)和中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划项目(2019)资助

Distribution of exogenous nitrogen fractions and their fate in moss-dominated biological soil crusts

YAO Xiao-meng^1,2, XIAO Bo^1,2,3*, WANG Guo-peng^1,2, LI Sheng-long^1,2, TIAN Le-le^1,2, SUN Fu-hai^1,2

¹College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
²Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China;
³State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2019-12-16 Revised:2020-05-19 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2021-02-15
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671221) and the “Light of West China” Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对黄土高原典型藓类生物结皮,以无结皮裸地为对照,通过野外原位同位素标记试验,在标记后1~30 d连续取样测定,示踪外源添加¹⁵N在生物结皮中各氮组分的分配特征,并分析¹⁵N在土壤-微生物-藓植株中的归趋途径,对比揭示生物结皮对土壤氮循环的影响。结果表明: 1)生物结皮的全氮、微生物生物量氮、可溶性有机氮中¹⁵N含量分别平均比裸地高2.9、17.5、9.0倍,且藓植株固定的¹⁵N含量高达4.73 mg·kg^-1。2)生物结皮的¹⁵N残留率平均为13.0%,其氮固持能力是裸地(3.3%)的4.0倍;生物结皮中各组分¹⁵N占全氮的比率依次为微生物生物量氮(54.3%)>藓植株氮(22.5%)>可溶性有机氮(6.2%),而裸地则为微生物生物量氮(11.5%)>可溶性有机氮(2.6%),显示生物结皮中微生物和藓植株的氮固持能力合计比裸地高65.3%。3)生物结皮中微生物生物量¹⁵N的转移量和库容量分别比裸地高17.2和20.5倍,但其周转率为每月5.8次,低于裸地的每月7.2次,其周转期是裸地的1.2倍。综上,与无结皮裸地相比,生物结皮具有更高的氮固持能力,同时能够改变土壤各氮组分的分配率,因此,在干旱生态系统土壤氮循环过程中具有重要作用。

关键词: 生物结皮, 稳定同位素示踪, 全氮, 微生物生物量氮, 可溶性有机氮, 氮周转率

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) labeled with ¹⁵N was evenly added into plots of moss-dominated biological soil crusts (BSCs) and bare soil on the Chinese Loess Plateau. After that, the surface BSCs and bare soil samples were continuously collected within 1-30 days. The ¹⁵N content of each N fraction in soil, microorganisms, and mosses was measured for each sample. The effects of BSCs on soil N fate and cycling was determined through analyzing the differences in the distribution of ¹⁵N fractions between the BSCs and bare soil. Our results showed that: 1) The ¹⁵N content of total N (TN), microbial biomass N (MBN), and dissolved organic N (DON) in the BSCs was 2.9, 17.5, and 9.0 times higher than that in the bare soil, respectively. The ¹⁵N content of moss plants in the BSCs was 4.73 mg kg^-1. 2) The residual rate of ¹⁵N in the BSCs and bare soil was 13.0% and 3.3%, respectively, indicating that the N fixing and holding ability of BSCs was four times higher than that of bare soil. The percentage of each ¹⁵N fraction in T¹⁵N in the BSCs was in the order of MBN (54.3%)>moss plant N (22.5%)>DON (6.2%), while that in the bare soil was in the order of MBN (11.5%)>DON (2.6%). Over all, microorganisms and mosses in the BSCs had 65.3% higher capacity of N fixation as compared with the bare soil. 3) The transferred amount and storage capacity of MB¹⁵N in the BSCs were 17.2 and 20.5 times higher than that in the bare soil, respectively. Accordingly, the turnover rate of MB¹⁵N in the BSCs and bare soil was 5.8 and 7.2 times per month, respectively, with the turnover time of MB¹⁵N in the BSCs being 1.2 times longer than that in bare soil. In conclusion, BSCs fix and hold more N than bare soil and change the distribution of each N fraction, implying that BSCs play a critical role in N cycling in dryland ecosystems.

Key words: biological soil crusts, stable isotope tracer, total nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, nitrogen turnover rate

姚小萌, 肖波, 王国鹏, 李胜龙, 田乐乐, 孙福海. 外源输入氮素在藓类生物土壤结皮中各氮组分的分配特征与归趋途径[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(8): 2653-2662.

YAO Xiao-meng, XIAO Bo, WANG Guo-peng, LI Sheng-long, TIAN Le-le, SUN Fu-hai. Distribution of exogenous nitrogen fractions and their fate in moss-dominated biological soil crusts[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(8): 2653-2662.

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外源输入氮素在藓类生物土壤结皮中各氮组分的分配特征与归趋途径

Distribution of exogenous nitrogen fractions and their fate in moss-dominated biological soil crusts

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