施蚯蚓粪对日光温室土壤及番茄产量与品质的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202102.022

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 549-556.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202102.022

施蚯蚓粪对日光温室土壤及番茄产量与品质的影响

刘学才^1,2, 陈玲³, 李胜奇⁴, 史庆华^1,2, 王晓云^1,2*

¹山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 山东泰安 271018;
²山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018;
³鄄城大埝镇农业综合服务中心, 山东菏泽 274612;
⁴济南市农业科学研究院, 济南 271100

收稿日期:2020-08-11 接受日期:2020-11-30 出版日期:2021-02-15 发布日期:2021-08-15
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: wxyun02@163.com
作者简介:刘学才, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事蔬菜栽培生理生态研究。E-mail: 1058921189@qq.com
基金资助:
山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(2018)、山东省农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队项目(SDAIT-05-05)和山东省农业科技园区产业提升工程项目(2017)资助

Effects of vermicompost fertilization on soil, tomato yield and quality in greenhouse

LIU Xue-cai^1,2, CHEN Ling³, LI Sheng-qi⁴, SHI Qing-hua^1,2, WANG Xiao-yun^1,2*

¹College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
²State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
³Juancheng Daya Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Heze 274612, Shandong, China;
⁴Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 271100, China

Received:2020-08-11 Accepted:2020-11-30 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-08-15
Contact: ^*E-mail: wxyun02@163.com
Supported by:
Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province (2018), the Shandong Agriculture Research System (SDAIT-05-05), and the Industrial Upgrading Project of Agricultural Science of Shandong Province (2017)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 设施蔬菜化肥过量施用造成土壤劣化、土传病虫害发生严重,从而导致蔬菜产量和品质下降。蚯蚓粪在改善土壤环境和促进蔬菜生长、提高产量和品质方面具有良好的效果。本试验在日光温室采用等量撒施和沟施两种方式研究了增施蚯蚓粪对土壤养分、酶活性、微生物数量及番茄生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明: 与不施蚯蚓粪的对照相比,撒施蚯蚓粪和沟施蚯蚓粪处理均改善了土壤环境,显著增加了土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾等养分含量;显著提高了蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,增加了土壤中细菌、放线菌数量,降低了真菌数量。沟施蚯蚓粪处理明显促进了植株地上部的生长,撒施效果不显著。蚯蚓粪处理明显增强了植株根系活力,提高了叶片的光合作用和叶绿素含量,促进了植株氮和钾含量的积累。撒施和沟施蚯蚓粪处理的番茄产量比对照分别提高了22.7%和32.6%。沟施处理果实中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C和可滴定酸含量分别提高了66.1%、11.0%、122.6%和29.9%,硝酸盐含量降低了65.7%,而撒施处理对番茄果实品质提升效果不明显。

关键词: 番茄, 蚯蚓粪, 土壤酶活性, 土壤微生物, 日光温室

Abstract: The excessive use of chemical fertilizer on vegetables in protected facilities resulted in soil degradation, serious soil-borne diseases, and lower vegetable yield and quality. We examined the effects of vermicompost on soil nutrient, enzyme activities, microbial quantity, tomato growth, yield and quality in greenhouse. The results showed that both broadcast and furrow application of vermicompost improved soil environment, and significantly increased contents of soil organic matter and soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Vermicompost application significantly increased sucrase and catalase activities, abundance of bacteria and actinomycetes, and decreased the abundance of fungi in the soil. Furrow application but not the broadcast application promoted the growth of tomato plants. The vermicompost promoted root activities and leaf photosynthesis, increased chlorophyll, nitrogen and potassium contents in leaves. Broadcast and furrow application of vermicompost significantly increased tomato yield by 22.7% and 32.6%, respectively. Furrow application increased the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C and titratable acid by 66.1%, 11.0%, 122.6% and 29.9%, respectively, and decreased nitrate content in tomato fruits by 65.7%. However, broadcast application did not affect fruit quality.

Key words: tomato, vermicompost, soil enzyme activity, soil microorganism, solar greenhouse

刘学才, 陈玲, 李胜奇, 史庆华, 王晓云. 施蚯蚓粪对日光温室土壤及番茄产量与品质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(2): 549-556.

LIU Xue-cai, CHEN Ling, LI Sheng-qi, SHI Qing-hua, WANG Xiao-yun. Effects of vermicompost fertilization on soil, tomato yield and quality in greenhouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(2): 549-556.

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施蚯蚓粪对日光温室土壤及番茄产量与品质的影响

Effects of vermicompost fertilization on soil, tomato yield and quality in greenhouse

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