长期不同施肥措施对双季稻田土壤活性有机碳组分和水解酶活性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202103.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 921-930.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202103.023

长期不同施肥措施对双季稻田土壤活性有机碳组分和水解酶活性的影响

石丽红, 李超, 唐海明^*, 程凯凯, 李微艳, 文丽, 肖小平

湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125

收稿日期:2020-08-26 接受日期:2020-12-10 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: tanghaiming66@163.com
作者简介:石丽红, 女, 1981年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农田生态环境研究。E-mail: 582522224@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31872851,41807008)和湖南省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(2019JJ10003)资助

Effects of long-term fertilizer management on soil labile organic carbon fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity under a double-cropping rice system of southern China

SHI Li-hong, LI Chao, TANG Hai-ming^*, CHENG Kai-kai, LI Wei-yan, WEN Li, XIAO Xiao-ping

Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125, China

Received:2020-08-26 Accepted:2020-12-10 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-09-15
Contact: * E-mail: tanghaiming66@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872851, 41807008), and the Innovative Research Group of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2019JJ10003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 施肥是改善土壤质量、提高土壤肥力和影响土壤微生物多样性的关键措施。为了探明南方双季稻区长期不同施肥处理下稻田土壤活性有机碳组分和水解酶活性的变化特征,本研究以34年大田定位试验为平台,设置化肥(MF)、秸秆还田+化肥(RF)、30%有机肥+70%化肥(OM)3个处理,并以无肥处理为对照(CK),分析了长期不同施肥处理下双季稻田土壤有机碳含量、活性有机碳组分、有机碳水解酶活性及其相关性。结果表明: MF、RF和OM处理增加了稻田土壤有机碳含量,分别比CK增加4.5%、22.4%和53.5%。与MF和CK处理相比,RF和OM处理均有利于增加土壤各活性有机碳组分[累积碳矿化(Cmin)、高锰酸钾可氧化碳(KMnO₄-C)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)]和各活性有机碳组分占总有机碳的比例。OM处理土壤Cmin、KMnO₄-C、POC、DOC、LFOC和MBC含量分别比CK增加3.5、3.1、3.7、1.9、1.2和1.9倍;RF和OM处理土壤各活性有机碳组分占总有机碳的比例均显著高于CK。各施肥处理土壤水解酶活性(α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、木糖苷酶、纤维二糖水解酶和N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶)的大小顺序均为: OM>RF>MF>CK,其中OM处理的各土壤水解酶活性分别比CK增加111.8%、14.1%、127.3%、285.6%和91.4%。RF和OM处理有利于增加土壤过氧化物酶活性,MF处理有利于增加土壤多酚氧化酶活性。土壤水解酶与土壤有机碳含量及其活性有机碳组分均呈显著正相关。综上,有机肥和秸秆还田与化肥配合施用是提高南方双季稻田土壤活性有机碳组分和水解酶活性的有效措施。

关键词: 水稻, 施肥模式, 有机碳, 活性有机碳, 土壤水解酶

Abstract: Fertilization is an effective way to improve soil quality, increase soil fertility and soil microbial diversity in paddy soil. To explore the changes of soil labile organic carbon (C) fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity after 34 years fertilization treatments in a field experiment in double-cropping rice system of southern China. There were four treatments, including chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic matter and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and the control without fertilizer input (CK). We measured soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil labile organic C fractions, SOC related hydrolytic enzyme activity, correlation coefficients of soil enzyme activity with SOC content and its labile organic C fractions. The results showed that MF, RF and OM increased SOC content by 4.5%, 22.4% and 53.5%, respectively. Compared with MF and CK, RF and OM increased soil labile organic C fractions [cumulative C mineralization (Cmin), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO₄-C), particulate organic C (POC), dissolved organic C (DOC), light fraction organic C (LFOC), microbial biomass C (MBC)] and the proportion of each labile organic C fractions to total organic C. The contents of Cmin, KMnO₄-C, POC, DOC, LFOC and MBC under OM treatment were 3.5, 3.1, 3.7, 1.9, 1.2 and 1.9 times higher than CK treatment, respectively. The proportion of labile organic C fractions to total organic C of RF and OM treatments was significantly higher than that in CK. The order of soil hydrolytic enzyme activity [α-glucosidase (αG), β-glucosidase (βG), β-xylosidase (βX), cellobiohydrolase (GBH), and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG)] was OM>RF>MF>CK. The soil hydrolytic enzyme activity under OM treatment increased by 111.8%, 14.1%, 127.3%, 285.6% and 91.4% compared with CK, respectively. Furthermore, RF and OM treatments were beneficial to soil peroxidase (POD) activity. MF treatment was beneficial to soil polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. There was a significant positive correlation between soil hydrolytic enzyme activity and SOC content and its labile organic C fractions. In conclusion, the combined application of organic manure, rice straw returning and chemical fertilizer is an effective method to improve soil labile organic C fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity in a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China.

Key words: rice, fertilization regime, organic carbon, labile organic carbon, soil hydrolytic enzyme

石丽红, 李超, 唐海明, 程凯凯, 李微艳, 文丽, 肖小平. 长期不同施肥措施对双季稻田土壤活性有机碳组分和水解酶活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(3): 921-930.

SHI Li-hong, LI Chao, TANG Hai-ming, CHENG Kai-kai, LI Wei-yan, WEN Li, XIAO Xiao-ping. Effects of long-term fertilizer management on soil labile organic carbon fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity under a double-cropping rice system of southern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(3): 921-930.

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长期不同施肥措施对双季稻田土壤活性有机碳组分和水解酶活性的影响

Effects of long-term fertilizer management on soil labile organic carbon fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity under a double-cropping rice system of southern China

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