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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 2007-2013.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.021

• 稳定同位素生态学专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

锌对苹果果实膨大期叶片13C光合产物合成及向果实转移分配的影响

于波, 秦嗣军, 吕德国*   

  1. 沈阳农业大学园艺学院/辽宁省果树品质发育与调控重点实验室, 沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-24 接受日期:2021-03-26 发布日期:2021-12-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lvdeguo@syau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:于 波, 男, 1993年生, 博士研究生。主要从事果树栽培与生理生态研究。E-mail: xiaoyugan1993@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100)、国家自然科学基金项目(31972359)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-27)资助

Effects of zinc levels on synthesis and translocation of 13C-photoassimilates in leaves to fruit of apple during fruit expanding stage

YU Bo, QIN Si-jun, LYU De-guo*   

  1. College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
  • Received:2020-11-24 Accepted:2021-03-26 Published:2021-12-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: lvdeguo@syau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0201100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972359) and the China Modern Agriculture Industry System Construction Foundation (CARS-27).

摘要: 为了探究锌对叶片光合产物向果实转移分配的影响机理,为苹果果实发育关键时期通过补锌措施提高果实品质奠定理论基础,以8年生‘寒富'/GM256/山定子为试材,采用13C同位素标记技术,研究苹果树叶片涂抹不同浓度锌(CK、Zn1、Zn2、Zn3、Zn4,分别代表浓度为0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%的ZnSO4·H2O溶液)对果实膨大期叶片13C同化能力及13C光合产物向果实运输的影响。结果表明: 随着锌浓度的增加,苹果树叶片Rubisco酶活性、净光合速率、山梨醇和蔗糖含量、6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶和蔗糖磷酸合酶活性,以及13C同化能力呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且均在Zn3处理下达到最高。与其他处理相比,Zn3处理的13C自留量(标记叶片+标记枝条)最低,为61.2%,而输出量最高,为38.8%。果实13C吸收量表现为Zn3>Zn2>Zn4>Zn1>CK。这说明叶片涂抹适宜浓度锌(0.3%ZnSO4·H2O溶液)处理增强了叶片的光合作用,提高了叶片光合产物的合成能力,促进了光合产物由叶片向果实的定向运输。

关键词: 苹果, 锌, 13C光合产物, 转运, 果实

Abstract: To explore the effects of zinc levels on the synthesis and translocation of photosynthetic products from leaves to fruits, and to lay a theoretical foundation for improving fruit quality through zinc supplementation during the critical period of apple fruit development, a field experiment was carried out with a eight-year old ‘Hanfu'/GM256/Malus baccata Borkh apple. We used the 13C tracer method to examine the effects of different zinc levels (ZnSO4·H2O 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, expressed by CK, Zn1, Zn2, Zn3, Zn4, respectively) on translocation of photosynthate to fruit during the stage of fruit expanding. The results showed that, with increasing zinc concentration, Rubisco enzyme activity, net photosynthetic rate, sorbitol and sucrose content, sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and sucrose phosphate synthase enzyme activities of leaves first increased and then decreased, with the highest values being observed in Zn3 treatment. Zn3 treatment significantly increased the 13C assimilation capability of leaves. Compared with other treatments, the 13C of self-retention (labeled leaves and labeled branches) was lowest in Zn3 treatment (61.2%) and the output of 13C photoassimilates was highest in Zn3 treatment (38.8%). 13C absorption of apple fruit showed a trend of Zn3 > Zn2 > Zn4 > Zn1 > CK. In summary, foliar zinc application under appropriate concentration (0.3% ZnSO4·H2O) enhanced photosynthesis, increased the assimilation capability of leaves, and promoted the directional transportation of photosynthate to fruit.

Key words: apple, zinc, 13C-photoassimilates, translocation, fruit