长期施磷对玉米-小麦轮作系统作物产量和磷素吸收及土壤磷积累的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究利用位于河北省保定市的7年田间定位试验,探讨了4个磷水平(不施磷、70%优化施磷、优化施磷、130%优化施磷)对玉米-小麦轮作系统作物产量的影响,分析了作物磷素吸收和磷肥利用效率以及土壤磷盈亏的变化。结果表明: 长期(7年)施磷能够显著提高玉米和小麦产量及磷素吸收量,且玉米和小麦产量与磷素吸收量随着施磷量的增加均呈现先上升后下降的抛物线变化趋势。各施磷水平下玉米季磷肥利用率高于小麦季,小麦季磷肥累积利用率呈现下降趋势,下降速率表现为优化施磷>70%优化施磷>130%优化施磷;玉米季磷肥累积利用率均呈现上升趋势,上升速率表现为优化施磷>70%优化施磷>130%优化施磷。长期不施磷条件下土壤表观磷盈亏量和累积磷盈亏量都表现为亏缺状态,施磷条件下土壤磷表现为盈余,且施磷量越高,累积年限越长,土壤磷盈余量越高。河北潮土在秸秆还田条件下小麦施磷量在105～150 kg·hm^-2,玉米施磷量在63～90 kg·hm^-2时,既能保证作物高产,又能使磷肥利用率保持在较高水平,减少磷素在土壤中的累积,降低环境风险。

关键词: 养分吸收, 磷盈亏, 磷利用效率

Abstract: In this study, we examined the effects of four phosphorus treatments on crop yields, and analyzed crop phosphorus uptake and phosphorus utilization efficiency, as well as changes in soil phosphorus deficit in maize-wheat rotation system, based on a 7-year field experiment in Baoding City, Hebei Province. The results showed that long-term phosphorus application significantly increased the yield and phosphorus uptake of maize and wheat. The yield and phosphorus uptake of maize and wheat showed a parabolic trend that first increased and then decreased with the increases of phosphorus application. The utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in the corn season was higher than that in the wheat season under various phosphorus application treatments. The cumulative utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in the wheat season showed a downward trend. The decline rate showed that optimized phosphorus application > 70% optimized phosphorus application >130% optimized phosphorus application. The cumulative utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertili-zer in the corn season showed an upward trend. For the rising rate, the optimized phosphorus application > 70% optimized phosphorus application > 130% optimized phosphorus application. Both the apparent phosphorus surplus and the accumulated phosphorus surplus of the soil without phosphorus application were under phosphorus deficiency. Under the treatment of phosphorus application, soil phosphorus showed a status of phosphorus surplus. The higher the phosphorus application rate, the longer the accumulation period, the higher the soil phosphorus surplus. Under the straw returning condition, phosphorus application rate for wheat of 105-150 kg·hm^-2 and the phosphorus application rate for maize of 63-90 kg·hm^-2 in Hebei fluvo-aquic soil could ensure the high crop yield, keep the phosphorus utilization efficiency at a high level, and reduce soil phosphorus accumulation and environmental risks.

Key words: nutrient absorption, phosphorus profit and loss, phosphorus utilization efficiency

吉庆凯, 王栋, 杨文宝, 韩彦茹, 马文奇, 魏静. 长期施磷对玉米-小麦轮作系统作物产量和磷素吸收及土壤磷积累的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(7): 2469-2476.

JI Qing-kai, WANG Dong, YANG Wen-bao, HAN Yan-ru, MA Wen-qi, WEI Jing. Effects of long-term phosphorus application on crop yield, phosphorus absorption, and soil phosphorus accumulation in maize-wheat rotation system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(7): 2469-2476.

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