盐雾危害是南方滨海地区园林绿化的主要困难

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.035

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 2923-2930.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.035

盐雾危害是南方滨海地区园林绿化的主要困难

曹舰艇^1,2, 范志阳³, 黄建明³, 陈洋芳^1,2, 陈自亮⁴, 王文卿^1,2*

¹福建省滨海湿地保护与生态恢复工程技术研究中心, 福建厦门 361102;
²厦门大学环境与生态学院, 福建厦门 361102;
³福建省春天生态科技股份有限公司, 福建漳州 363000;
⁴厦门万银环境科技有限公司, 福建厦门 361006

收稿日期:2020-10-02 接受日期:2021-05-05 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2022-02-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: mangroves@xmu.edu.cn
作者简介:曹舰艇, 女, 1990年生, 博士研究生。主要从事滨海地区植物盐雾危害研究。E-mail: caojiantingcy@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502904)、厦门市科技计划项目 (3502Z20203010)和福建省春天生态科技股份有限公司耐盐植物研发中心项目资助

Aerosol salt damage is the main problem of landscaping in the coastal areas of southern China

CAO Jian-ting^1,2, FAN Zhi-yang³, HUANG Jian-ming³, CHEN Yang-fang^1,2, CHEN Zi-liang⁴, WANG Wen-qing^1,2*

¹Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province for Coastal Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China;
²College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China;
³Fujian Spring Ecology and Technology Co. Ltd., Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China;
⁴Xiamen Wanyin Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China

Received:2020-10-02 Accepted:2021-05-05 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2022-02-15
Contact: *E-mail: mangroves@xmu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0502904), the Xiamen Science and Technology Planning Project (3502Z20203010), and Salt-tolerant Plant Research and Development Center Project of Fujian Spring Ecological Technology Co. Ltd.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 南方滨海地区自然条件恶劣,植物长势差、存活困难,相当一部分绿化植物表现出一定程度的盐害症状。但这些植物的盐害症状不同于常规的土壤盐害,表现出幼芽幼叶首先受害、迎风面受害症状重于背风面等,推测植物受害原因并非土壤含盐量过高。本研究在植物长势评估的基础上结合土壤及气候分析,对中国南方滨海地区一线海岸24个县市开展了调研。结果表明: 一线海岸植物表现出较强的盐害症状,尤其是台湾海峡区域,但85.4%属脱盐土,且植物盐害等级与风速呈极显著相关,因此提出南方滨海地区绿化植物盐害主要原因是盐雾危害。绘制了首张南方滨海地区一线海岸植物盐害等级分布图,提出了一套植物盐雾危害的诊断方法,并就耐盐雾植物的筛选与配置、绿化工程措施及后期养护等提供了一系列建议,以期切实提高南方滨海地区园林绿化的整体景观效果和水平。

关键词: 盐雾, 盐害, 风速, 植物长势, 园林绿化

Abstract: Both the growth and survival of landscape plants are difficult due to the harsh natural conditions in coastal areas of southern China. Many plants suffer from symptoms of salt damage. Different from the damages by salt in the soil, the symptoms of windblown salt are damage to young shoots and leaves. Plants at the windward side are damaged more than the leeward side. These cha-racteristics imply that the damage is due to salt in aerosols instead of salt in the soil. To test this hypothesis, we measured plant growth, soil and climate factors in 24 frontline coastal counties and cities of China. The results showed that the first-line coastal plants showed strong symptoms of salt damage, especially in the Taiwan Strait area (85.4% belonged to desalinized soil), and that the damage level was highly correlated with wind speed. Our results confirmed that aerosol salt is the major cause of plant damage in the coastal areas of southern China. We constructed the first distribution map of salt damage along frontline coastal regions of southern China and proposed methods for diagnosing aerosol salt damage. Selecting and configuring aerosol salt-tolerant plants, greening engineering measures, and follow-up maintenance were suggested for improving the overall effect and level of landscaping in the coastal areas of southern China.

Key words: salt spray, salt damage, wind speed, plant growth, landscaping

曹舰艇, 范志阳, 黄建明, 陈洋芳, 陈自亮, 王文卿. 盐雾危害是南方滨海地区园林绿化的主要困难[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2923-2930.

CAO Jian-ting, FAN Zhi-yang, HUANG Jian-ming, CHEN Yang-fang, CHEN Zi-liang, WANG Wen-qing. Aerosol salt damage is the main problem of landscaping in the coastal areas of southern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(8): 2923-2930.

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盐雾危害是南方滨海地区园林绿化的主要困难

Aerosol salt damage is the main problem of landscaping in the coastal areas of southern China

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