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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 655-663.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.010

• 全球变化对生态脆弱区资源环境承载力的影响专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

草地植物物种多样性测度方法及发展趋势

孙义1, 秦彧2, 魏天锋3, 常丽4, 张仁平5, 刘志有6, 吕燕燕1, 宜树华1*   

  1. 1南通大学脆弱生态环境研究所/南通大学地理科学学院, 江苏南通 226019;
    2中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 兰州 730000;
    3甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院, 兰州 730070;
    4兰州城市学院城市与环境学院, 兰州 730070;
    5新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046;
    6新疆农业大学管理学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-27 接受日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: yis@ntu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:孙义, 男, 1984年生, 副教授。主要从事草地生态与管理研究。E-mail: sunyi@ntu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604801)、国家自然科学基金项目(31901393, 42071056)和江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20201439)资助。

Methods and development trend for the measurement of plant species diversity in grasslands.

SUN Yi1, QIN Yu2, WEI Tian-feng3, CHANG Li4, ZHANG Ren-ping5, LIU Zhi-you6, LYU Yan-yan1, YI Shu-hua1*   

  1. 1Institute of Fragile Eco-environment/School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China;
    2Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    3College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    4College of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    5College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
    6School of Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830046, China
  • Received:2021-09-27 Accepted:2021-11-29 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要: 植物物种多样性是维持陆地生态系统多功能性和稳定性的关键要素之一。本文梳理了传统草地植物物种多样性的测度方法,结合无人机技术介绍了目前应用于草地植物物种多样性测度的新理念和新方法。传统的草地植物物种多样性测度方法依赖地面观测,需要投入大量的人力、物力且耗时,仅适合小范围的观测;卫星遥感方法受制于分辨率,难以直接对群落结构复杂、植株矮小的草地植物进行物种识别和测度,更多的是通过反演和生境模拟进行推导。无人机技术因时空分辨率高、机动灵活、成本低廉而被视为搭建传统地面调查和遥感方法的桥梁,可能成为高精度、大尺度开展草地植物物种多样性监测的突破口。未来需要将传统方法与无人机、目标自动识别等新型技术相结合,以固定站点和无人机动态监测点为基础,结合遥感信息构建“空-天-地”一体化的观测网络。

关键词: 时空尺度, 物种多样性, 草地, 观测网络

Abstract: Plant species diversity is one of the critical factors for maintaining multi-function and stability of terrestrial ecosystem. We reviewed the traditional methods for measuring plant species diversity of grassland (PSDG), and then introduced the new ideas and methods used for PSDG monitoring. Traditionally, PSDG monitoring depended heavily on ground-based investigation, which usually required large amounts of time, labor, and cost, and therefore was only suitable for small scale investigation. Grassland plant species were typically small in size and highly mixed. It was difficult to identify and measure by remote sensing due to the limitation of resolution. Consequently, most studies on PSDG were based on remote-sensing retrieval or habitat simulation. Characterized with high spatial-temporal resolution, flexible and low cost, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology was regarded as the bridge between ground-based investigation and satellite remote sensing. It could be the breakthrough for monitoring PSDG accurately at large scales. In the future, we should establish PSDG monitoring network by combining the fixed monitoring sites and dynamic monitoring sites of UAV and satellite remote sensing, and integrating UAV and automatic target recognition organically.

Key words: spatial-temporal scale, species diversity, grassland, observation network