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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (08): 2057-2062.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

模拟酸雨对油菜花期生理特性和产量的影响

曹春信1,周 琴1,韩亮亮1,张 佩2,江海东1**   

  1. 1南京农业大学农业部作物生理生态重点开放实验室/江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室,南京 210095;2江苏省气象局,南京 210008
  • 出版日期:2010-08-18 发布日期:2010-08-18

Effects of simulated acid rain on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) physiological characteristics at flowering stage and yield.

CAO Chun-xin1, ZHOU Qin1, HAN Liang-liang1, ZHANG Pei2, JIANG Hai-dong1   

  1. 1Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology/Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory of Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China|2Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Online:2010-08-18 Published:2010-08-18

摘要: 以甘蓝型油菜品种秦优九号为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了不同pH值模拟酸雨处理对油菜花期生理特性和产量的影响.结果表明:当模拟酸雨pH=4.0~5.0时,在一定程度上刺激了油菜的生长,植株的生物量、叶绿素含量、光合生理特性和产量构成因素等指标均略高于对照(pH 6.0)或与对照相当,但差异不显著.随着模拟酸雨酸度的增强,植株的生物量、叶绿素含量、光合生理特性、抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化剂含量等生理指标逐渐下降,且随酸度增强下降幅度增大,丙二醛含量和相对电导率显著增加,膜脂过氧化加剧,最终导致单株角果数、每角粒数、粒重和实际产量等指标逐渐下降.但不同产量构成因素对酸雨敏感性不同,单株角果数、每角粒数随酸雨酸度的增强而显著下降,而粒重受酸雨影响不显著.

关键词: 模拟酸雨, 油菜, 生理特性, 产量, 产量构成因素, 干旱, 水稻, 湿润指数距平率, 分布特征, 西南地区

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different acidity simulated acid rain on the physiological characteristics at flowering stage and yield of oilseed rape (B. napus cv. Qinyou 9). Comparing with the control (pH 6.0), weak acidity (pH=4.0-5.0) simulated acid rain stimulated the rape growth to some extent, but had less effects on the plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield. With the further increase of acid rain acidity, the plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, antioxidative enzyme activities, and non-enzyme antioxidant contents all decreased gradually, while the leaf malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity increased significantly. As the results, the pod number per plant, seed number per pod, seed weight, and actual yield decreased. However, different yield components showed different sensitivity to simulated acid rain. With the increasing acidity of simulated acid rain, the pod number per plant and the seed number per pod decreased significantly, while the seed weight was less affected.

Key words: simulated acid rain, oil rape, physiological characteristics, yield, yield components, drought, rice, wetness index anomaly rate, distribution characteristic, Southwest China.