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应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (05): 1225-1232.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

晋西黄土区果农间作的种间主要竞争关系及土地生产力

云雷,毕华兴**,田晓玲,崔哲伟,周晖子,高路博,刘李霞   

  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院/水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 出版日期:2011-05-18 发布日期:2011-05-18

Main interspecific competition and land productivity of fruit-crop intercropping in Loess Region of West Shanxi.

YUN Lei, BI Hua-xing, TIAN Xiao-ling, CUI Zhe-wei, ZHOU Hui-zi, GAO Lu-bo, LIU Li-xia   

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation &Desertification Combating, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Online:2011-05-18 Published:2011-05-18

摘要: 以晋西黄土区核桃×花生、核桃×大豆、苹果×花生和苹果×大豆4种典型果农间作模式为研究对象,分析果农间作模式中作物光合有效辐射(PAR)、净光合速率(Pn)、土壤水分和产量情况.结果表明:与农作物单作相比,间作模式中作物的PAR和Pn均出现不同程度的降低,并且离树体越近,PAR和Pn越小;Pn与作物产量呈显著正相关,说明光照是影响作物产量的重要因素之一;从整体趋势来看,核桃间作农作物0~100 cm土壤水分与相应单作模式间无明显差异,而苹果间作农作物0~100 cm土壤水分与相应单作模式间差异显著,说明苹果对作物土壤水分的竞争比核桃剧烈.研究区果农间作的土地利用效率平均提高70%,经济效益平均提高14%,且核桃间作模式优于苹果间作模式.为了提高间作作物产量,应加强水肥管理、增加树体与作物的间作距离或设置根障、定期适当修剪果树并种植耐荫作物.

关键词: 果农间作, 光合有效辐射, 净光合速率, 土壤水分, 生产力

Abstract: Taking the four typical fruit-crop intercropping models, i.e., walnut-peanut, walnut-soybean, apple-peanut, and apple-soybean, in the Loess Region of western Shanxi Province as the objects, this paper analyzed the crop (peanut and soybean) photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), yield, and soil moisture content. Comparing with crop monoculture, fruit-crop intercropping decreased the crop PAR and Pn. The smaller the distance from tree rows, the smaller the crop PAR and Pn. There was a significantly positive correlation between the Pn and crop yield, suggesting that illumination was one of the key factors affecting crop yield. From the whole trend, the 0-100 cm soil moisture content had no significant differences between walnut-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, but had significant differences between apple-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, indicating that the competition for soil moisture was more intense in apple-crop intercropping systems than in walnut-crop intercropping systems. Comparing with monoculture, fruit-crop intercropping increased the land use efficiency and economic benefit averagely by 70% and 14%, respectively, and walnut-crop intercropping was much better than apple-crop intercropping. To increase the crop yield in fruit-crop intercropping systems, the following strategies should be taken: strengthening the management of irrigation and fertilization, increasing the distances or setting root barriers between crop and tree rows, regularly and properly pruning, and planting shade-tolerant crops in intercropping.

Key words: fruit-crop intercropping, photosynthetic active radiation, net photosynthetic rate, soil moisture content, productivity