不同花生品种根瘤固氮特点及其与产量的关系

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201903.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 花生根系着生根瘤,能够直接利用大气中的氮气作为氮源,在花生氮素供应中占有举足轻重的地位.而有关根瘤高效固氮的机理研究甚少.本研究在盆栽条件下,利用¹⁵N示踪技术,研究了19个花生品种根瘤固氮特点及其与产量的关系.结果表明: 不同品种根瘤数量、鲜质量、内含物质和固氮量等指标品种间存在显著差异.根瘤数量和鲜质量变异幅度分别为每盆170.59～696.15个和0.83～3.74 g,变异系数分别为36.1%和41.1%;豆血红蛋白含量和固氮酶活性变异幅度分别为每盆15.51～23.23 mg和2.75～20.46 μmol C₂H₄·h^-1,变异系数分别为13.1%和57.2%,后者明显高于前者,表明固氮酶活性除受豆血红蛋白含量影响外,同时受到其他因素的影响.根瘤固氮和全氮积累量变异幅度分别为每盆0.71～1.82和2.16～3.72 g,变异系数分别为21.6%和12.9%,前者明显高于后者,表明花生根瘤固氮不足时,其他氮源在一定程度上能自动补偿根瘤留下的匮缺.花生以根瘤固氮为主,供氮比例平均占总氮量的2/5以上,最高可达50%,培育高供氮比例的品种,可作为花生减氮栽培的途径之一.上述指标中,除根瘤数量外,其余指标间以及这些指标与产量均呈极显著正相关,表明根瘤固氮生理指标与根瘤供氮能力及最终产量密切相关,提高这些指标有助于同时实现高产和化肥减施.

关键词: 固氮特点, 产量, 品种, 花生, 根瘤

Abstract: Root nodules in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) could directly utilize nitrogen (N) in the atmosphere as N source, which plays an important role in the N supply in peanut. However, little is known about the mechanism of efficient N fixation by root nodule. In this study, ¹⁵N tracer technology was used to investigate the characteristics of N fixation by root nodule and its relationship with peanut yields of 19 varieties in a pot culture experiment. Results showed that there were significant differences in nodule number, fresh quality, internal material, N fixation amount and other related indices among different varieties. The range of number and fresh mass of root nodule was 170.59-696.15 per pot and 0.83-3.74 g per pot, with coefficients of variation (CV) of 36.1% and 41.1%, respectively. The range of leghaemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity was 15.51-23.23 mg per pot and 2.75-20.46 μmol C₂H₄·h^-1 per pot, with CV of 13.1% and 57.2%, respectively. The CV of nitrogenase activity was significantly higher than that of leghaemoglobin content, indicating that nitrogenase activity was not only affected by leghaemoglobin content but also other factors. The range of N fixation by root nodule and total N accumulation was 0.71-1.82 and 2.16-3.72 g per pot, with CV of 21.6% and 12.9%, respectively. The CV of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter, indicating that other N sources could automatically compensate the deficit when N fixation of root nodule was insufficient. Nitrogen fixation by root nodule was one of the main N sources for peanut, while the average N supply percentage was more than 40% of the total N, with a maximum of 50%. Cultivating the variety with high N supply capacity is an effective way for N-saving cultivation in the peanut production. Except for nodule number, there were significantly positive correlations between the other indices and peanut yield, indicating that the physiological indicators of N fixation were closely related to N fixation capacity by root nodule and the final yield. Therefore, enhancing these characters would help achieve high yield of peanut and simultaneously reduce fertilizer application.

Key words: peanut, variety, root nodule, nitrogen fixation characteristic, yield

郑永美, 杜连涛, 王春晓, 吴正锋, 孙学武, 于天一, 沈浦, 王才斌. 不同花生品种根瘤固氮特点及其与产量的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(3): 961-968.

ZHENG Yong-mei, DU Lian-tao, WANG Chun-xiao, WU Zheng-feng, SUN Xue-wu, YU Tian-yi, SHEN Pu, WANG Cai-bin. Nitrogen fixation characteristics of root nodules in different peanut varieties and their relationship with yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(3): 961-968.

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