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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 1367-1372.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.017

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有机无机肥分次配施对嘎啦苹果生长、15N-尿素吸收利用及损失的影响

陈倩, 刘照霞, 邢玥, 吴晓娴, 葛顺峰, 姜远茂*   

  1. 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-29 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: ymjiang@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈 倩,女,1987年生,博士研究生. 主要从事苹果营养生理与土壤肥力研究. E-mail: chenqiansdau@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100)、国家自然科学基金项目(31501713)、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-27)和山东省泰山学者攀登计划资助

Effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers on plant growth, 15N absorption, utilization and loss of Gala apple tree

CHEN Qian, LIU Zhao-xia, XING Yue, WU Xiao-xian, GE Shun-feng, JIANG Yuan-mao*   

  1. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-11-29 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20
  • Contact: * E-mail: ymjiang@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0201100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501713), the China Modern Agriculture Industry System Construction Foundation (CARS-27) and Shandong Taishan Scholars Climbing Program.

摘要: 以15年生嘎啦苹果/平邑甜茶为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究有机无机肥分次配施对嘎啦苹果/平邑甜茶生长、15N-尿素吸收利用及损失的影响.结果表明: 与不施有机肥相比,有机无机肥配施显著提高了植株根冠比、叶绿素含量、单株叶片总氮量和单果质量,且有机无机肥分次配施的效果要优于有机无机肥一次性配施.有机无机肥配施提高了各器官对氮的吸收征调能力(Ndff值),其中有机无机肥分次配施的效果更显著;而不同施肥处理各器官的Ndff值均表现为果实最高,其次是叶片、一年生枝、细根、粗根和多年生枝,中心干最低.有机无机肥分次配施植株总氮量和15N肥料利用率分别为395.39 g和28.4%,显著高于有机无机肥一次性配施处理(342.77 g和21.1%)和不施有机肥处理(296.41 g和14.6%),而15N损失率为51.3%,显著低于有机无机肥一次性配施处理(57.5%)和不施有机肥处理(60.6%).

关键词: 嘎啦苹果, 有机无机肥, 分次配施, 利用, 吸收, 损失, 15N-尿素

Abstract: Fifteen-year-old ‘Gala’/M. hupehensis Rehd. trees and 15N trace technique were used to explore the effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers on plant growth, 15N absorption, utilization and loss. The main results were as follows: compared to control, combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the root-shoot ratio, chlorophyll content, total nitrogen content of leaves and mean fruit mass. The effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment were more obvious than one time combined application. Combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment improved the capacity of 15N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) of different organs, with the effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment being more significant. The Ndff value of fruits in different treatments were the highest, followed by leaves, biennial branches, fine roots, large roots and perennial branches, and lowest in trunks. Total N content of plant and 15N-urea utilization rate of the split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment were 395.39 g and 28.4% respectively, which were obviously higher than the treatments of one time combined application (342.77 g and 21.1%) and no organic fertilizer application (296.41 g and 14.6%), while 15N loss rate was 51.3%, which was obviously lower than the treatments of one time combined application (57.5%) and no organic fertilizer application (60.6%).

Key words: Gala apple, organic-inorganic fertilizer, split combined application, utilization, absorption, loss, 15N-urea