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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 1380-1388.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.029

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等量分次施氮对冬枣15N和13C利用与分配特性的影响

彭玲, 董林水, 陈印平, 宋爱云, 赵西梅, 崔倩, 冯璐, 刘京涛*   

  1. 滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室, 山东滨州 256603
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-26 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: ljteco@126.com
  • 作者简介:彭玲,女,1988年生,博士研究生. 主要从事果树营养生理和土壤肥力研究. E-mail: zhushipink@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GNC110018)、山东省重点产业关键技术创新项目(2016CYJS05A02)、山东省重点研发计划项目(2017GSF17113)、山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J16LH53)和滨州学院博士基金项目(2018Y24)资助

Effects of multiple times of topdressing nitrogen application under equal level on utilization and distribution characteristics of 15N and 13C in winter jujube

PENG Ling, DONG Lin-shui, CHEN Yin-ping, SONG Ai-yun, ZHAO Xi-mei, CUI Qian, FENG Lu, LIU Jing-tao*   

  1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-12-26 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20
  • Contact: * E-mail: ljteco@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province (2014GNC110018), the Key Technology Innovation Project in Key Industries of Shandong Province (2016CYJS05A02), the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2017GSF17113), Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J16LH53), and the Doctoral Program Foundation of Binzhou University (2018Y24).

摘要: 以4年生盆栽冬枣为试材,采用13C、15N双标记示踪技术,在果实发育期研究了等氮量分次追施氮肥对冬枣植株15N和13C吸收、利用、积累和分配的影响.结果表明: 至果实采收期,冬枣各器官Ndff值(植株器官从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率)随追氮次数的增多而显著增大.生殖器官(果实)和营养器官(叶片、枣吊、新生枣头枝和细根)的15N分配率以4次追氮处理最高,1次追氮处理最低,贮藏器官(主干、多年生枝和粗根)15N分配率的趋势相反;4次追氮处理15N利用率分别比1次和2次追氮处理高27.4%和15.5%.追氮次数越多,植株总氮量和15N吸收量越大;随时间的推移,1次追氮处理土壤15N丰度和总氮含量持续降低,2次追氮处理呈先升高后降低的趋势,4次追氮处理变化相对最为平稳,至处理后期显著高于其他处理;果实白熟至采收期,叶片叶绿素、氮含量和净光合速率均表现为4次追氮>2次追氮>1次追氮.不同处理13C同化物积累与分配不同.4次追氮处理13C固定总量分别是1次和2次追氮处理的1.1和1.2倍.增加追氮次数,促进了13C同化物向果实和贮藏器官的转移,而减少了向当年生营养器官的分配.综上,果实发育期4次追氮通过保证根层稳定、充足的氮素供应,提高了对氮素的吸收和利用,进而维持了较高的净光合速率,促进并优化了光合同化物的积累和分配,最有利于冬枣树体的生长及产量和品质的提高.

关键词: 冬枣, 15N, 分配, 13C, 吸收, 分次追氮, 利用

Abstract: We explored the effects of multiple times of topdressing nitrogen application under equal level on the characteristics of absorption, utilization, accumulation, and distribution of 15N and 13C in four-year-old potted winter jujube during fruit developmental periods using the stable isotope tra-cer technology. The results showed that with the increases of nitrogen application times, the 15N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) in each organ significantly increased at the fruit maturity. The distribution rates of 15N in reproductive organ (fruit) and vegetative organs (leaf, deciduous spur, new branch, and fine root) were highest under four-time application, and lowest under one-time application. The opposite pattern was observed in storage organs (trunk, perennial branch, and coarse root). The 15N utilization rate under four-time application was 27.4% and 15.5% higher than one-time and two-time application, respectively. The more times N being applied, the more total N content and 15N absorption amount of plant. Soil 15N abundance and total N content continued to drop under one-time application and increased at the beginning and then declined with the time under two-time application. The relatively stable soil 15N abundance and total N content appeared in four-time application, which was significantly higher than those in the other treatments in later treatment stages. The chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic rate displayed an order of four-time application > two-time application > one-time application during fruit white-mature period to fruit harvest period. The accumulation and distribution of 13C varied across different treatments. Increasing nitrogen application times would promote more 13C being transported to fruit and storage organs but decrease that in annual vegetative organs. Our findings indicated that four-time nitrogen application could enhance and optimize the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products by ensuring steady and adequate supply of nitrogen and improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen during fruit development period, which facilitates the growth, yield and quality of winter jujube.

Key words: winter jujube, 15N, allocation, 13C, absorption, topdressing nitrogen application, utilization