长白山阔叶红松林不同强度择伐后关键树种的竞争关系

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201905.017

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1469-1478.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201905.017

长白山阔叶红松林不同强度择伐后关键树种的竞争关系

唐杨^1,2, 陈红^1,2, 童跃伟^1,2, 朱琪^1,2, 周旺明¹, 周莉¹, 代力民¹, 于大炮^1*

¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-12-20 修回日期:2018-12-20 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-15
通讯作者: E-mail: yudp2003@iae.ac.cn
作者简介:唐杨, 男, 1991年生, 硕士研究生.主要从事森林生态学与森林生态系统管理方面的研究.E-mail: tangy110@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41877549)和科技基础性工作专项专题(2015FY210200-9)

Competition of key tree species with selective cutting at different intensities in broadleaved-korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountain, China.

TANG Yang^1,2, CHEN Hong^1,2, TONG Yue-wei^1,2, ZHU Qi^1,2, ZHOU Wang-ming¹, ZHOU Li¹, DAI Li-min¹, YU Da-pao^1*

¹Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-12-20 Revised:2018-12-20 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-15
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877549) and the Science and Technology Basic Work of Science and Technology (2015FY210200-9).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 天然林择伐改变了林分的树种组成和结构,导致林木竞争关系发生变化,进而影响树木的生长和种群的动态.关键树种在维持群落结构和生态系统功能方面具有至关重要的作用.为了弄清长白山区阔叶红松林典型林型关键树种竞争关系的特点,本研究以红松、紫椴和水曲柳为研究对象,运用Hegyi竞争指数分析了受不同程度采伐干扰后形成的原始林(未受干扰)、轻度择伐林、中度择伐林和重度择伐林的林分结构和竞争关系.结果表明: 与原始林相比,轻度择伐林中关键树种的种群结构没有显著变化;中度择伐林和重度择伐林中3个关键树种大树(胸径DBH≥20 cm)的密度和平均胸径均显著减少,但幼树(2 cm≤DBH<10 cm)的数量增加.所有样地中关键树种的竞争指数均随径级的增加而减小,且二者服从幂函数分布,而林木胸径生长到20 cm后,竞争指数进入稳定状态.在原始林、轻度和中度择伐林中,3个树种的幼树的竞争指数受到非冠层树种的影响最大,而红松小树(10 cm≤DBH<20 cm)和大树主要受红松种内和非冠层树种的影响;水曲柳主要受红松和非冠层树种的影响,紫椴主要受种内和红松的影响.重度择伐林中,白桦是3个树种的主要竞争来源,贡献率均超过50%.根据以上关键树种竞争关系的特点,抚育非冠层树种有利于3个关键种幼树的更新和生长;对于小树来说,还需要根据树种类型来采取相应措施,而大树不需要采用抚育措施.本研究对关键树种培育和天然林择伐后快速恢复具有指导意义.

关键词: 竞争, 阔叶红松林, 关键树种, 目标树种, 采伐

Abstract: Selective cutting changes tree species composition and stand structure, modifies tree competition intensity in the stand, with consequences on tree growth and population dynamics. Key tree species play a crucial role in maintaining community structure and ecosystem function. To clarify the competitive characteristics of three key species (Pinus koraiensis, Tilia amurensis, and Fraxinus mandshurica, which accounted for about 70% of growing stock) of typical forest types in broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest, Hegyi competition index was used in four permanent 1-hm² plots, i.e. virgin forest (VF), low-intensity cutting forest (LCF), moderate-intensity cutting forest (MCF) and high-intensity cutting forest (HCF). Compared with VF, the stand density and mean DBH of big trees (DBH≥20 cm) significantly decreased in MCF and HCF, but the stand density of young trees (2 cm≤DBH<10 cm) increased, but no significant changes of stand or DBH in LCF. In all the four forest types, individual competition index (CI) of the three species decreased with increasing DBH. There was a power function relation between CI and DBH. CI curve turned to be gentle at DBH reaching 20 cm, and this rule was not affected by selective cutting. In VF, LCF and HCF, most of competition pressure of young trees of all key species derived from other tree species in secondary canopy or understory, but the competition pressure of small trees (10 cm≤DBH<20 cm) and big trees of P. koraiensis originated mainly from intra-species and other species in secondary canopy or understory. The competition stress of F. mandshurica was mainly affected by P. koraiensis and other species in secondary canopy or understory. T. amurensis was mainly affected by intra-species and P. koraiensis. Betula platyphylla contributed most of the competition stress (over 50%) to all three key species in HCF. Our results suggested that removing the trees which are in secondary canopy or understory but suppress the three key trees species intensively would be beneficial to the regeneration and growth of key species before tree DBH exceeds 20 cm. We proposed to regulate the density of key tree species in overstory to cultivate large diameter timber according to the competition among the key trees species. Once tree DBH exceeds 20 cm, tree growth would not be affected by competition. This study had guiding significance for the cultivation of key tree species and rapid recovery of natural forests after selective cutting.

Key words: target tree species, competition, selective cutting, mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest., key tree species

唐杨, 陈红, 童跃伟, 朱琪, 周旺明, 周莉, 代力民, 于大炮. 长白山阔叶红松林不同强度择伐后关键树种的竞争关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(5): 1469-1478.

TANG Yang, CHEN Hong, TONG Yue-wei, ZHU Qi, ZHOU Wang-ming, ZHOU Li, DAI Li-min, YU Da-pao. Competition of key tree species with selective cutting at different intensities in broadleaved-korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountain, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(5): 1469-1478.

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长白山阔叶红松林不同强度择伐后关键树种的竞争关系

Competition of key tree species with selective cutting at different intensities in broadleaved-korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountain, China.

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