高寒牧区中华羊茅人工草地退化演替的数量特征研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2002, Vol. ›› Issue (3): 285-289.

高寒牧区中华羊茅人工草地退化演替的数量特征研究

张耀生, 赵新全

中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810001

收稿日期:2000-03-09 修回日期:2000-10-12
通讯作者: 张耀生,男,1953年生,副研究员,主要从事草地生态学研究,发表论著30余篇(部).Tel:0971-6109359,E-mail:yaoshz@sina.comorzys@mail.nwjpb.ac.cn.
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX0901);国家自然科学基金项目(30070147);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1998040800);海北高寒草甸生态系统实验站研究资助项目

Quantitative characteristics of degenerative succession in Festuca sinensis sowing grassland in the alpine pastoral area

ZHANG Yaosheng, ZHAO Xinquan

Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001

Received:2000-03-09 Revised:2000-10-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对中华羊茅人工草地退化演替数量特征的研究表明,植物群落组分种的数量、丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均随演替的进程而增加,生态优势度指数呈下降趋势.对25个组分种的重要值、生态位宽度及生态位重叠值计测的结果表明,一些阔叶杂草(如细叶亚菊、西伯利亚蓼等)是退化演替过程中入侵人工草地的先锋植物,比其他杂类草具有较大的生态位宽度值,其重要值在演替过程中呈逐年上升趋势.以中华羊茅为其中一个组分种的植物种对间的生态位重叠值,在大多数情况下小于两种阔叶杂草种对间的生态位重叠值.阔叶杂草入侵是导致人工草地退化的一个重要影响因素.

关键词: 中华羊茅, 退化演替, 人工草地, 氮素利用, 氮源, 花生, 高肥力, 基因型

Abstract: Quantitative characteristics of degenerative succession in Festuca sinensis sowing grassland in the alpine pastoral area were studied. The results showed that with the succession developing,number of species,richness index,diversity index,and evenness index were all increased,but ecological dominance was decreased. Analysis on important values,niche width,and niche overlaps proved that some herb species such as Ajania tenuifolia and Polygomum sibiricum were pioneer plants invading sowing grassland in the succession process. The pioneer plants had wider niche widths than other species,and their important values increased with the succession developing.Niche overlaps between Festuca sinensis and other species were smaller than that between two latifoliate herbs species in most case. The invasion of latifoliate herbs was one of the most important factors,which made the sowing grassland more degenerative.

Key words: Festuca sinensis, Degenerative succession, Sowing grassland, nitrogen sources, nitrogen utilization, high fertility, genotype, peanut

中图分类号:

S451
S812

张耀生, 赵新全. 高寒牧区中华羊茅人工草地退化演替的数量特征研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, (3): 285-289.

ZHANG Yaosheng, ZHAO Xinquan . Quantitative characteristics of degenerative succession in Festuca sinensis sowing grassland in the alpine pastoral area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, (3): 285-289.

参考文献

[1] Abrams PA.1987.Alternative models of character displacement and niche shift. I.Adaptive shifts in resource use when there is competition for nutritionally nonsubstitutable resources.Evolution,41(3):651～661
[2] Colwell RK,Futuyma DJ.1971.On the measurement of niche breadth and overlap.Ecology,52:567～570
[3] Piaka ER.1981.Competition and niche theory.In: May RM eds.Theortical Ecology,Principles and Applications.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Press.
[4] Shugart HH,Bonan GB.1988.Niche theory and community organization.Can J Bot,66:2634～2639
[5] Wang G(王刚).1984.On the measurement of niche overlap in plant communities.Acta Phytoecol et Geobot Sin(植物生态学与地植物学学报),8(4):229～235(in Chinese)
[6] Wang G(王刚).1990.A discussion on some aspects of niche theory.J Lanzhou Univ(兰州大学学报),26(2):109～113(in Chinese)
[7] Wang G(王刚),Zhao S-L(赵松岭),Zhang P-Y(张鹏云),et al.1984.On the definition of niche and the improved formula for measuring niche overlap.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),4(2):119～127(in Chinese)
[8] Wang G(王刚),Jiang W-L(蒋文兰).1998.Studies on the Population Ecology of Artificial Grassland.Lanzhou:Gansu Science and Technology Press.196～243(in Chinese)
[9] Zhang B-C(张宝琛),Gu L-H(顾立华),Zhen R-D(甄润德),et al.1986.Studies on the allelopathy in the natural degenerated process of man-made grassland on alpine meadow:I.Correlation between the degeneration speed of artificial Elymus nutans grassland and the invasion Ajania tenuifolia.In:Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences eds.The Proceedings of the International Symposium of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem.Beijing:Science Press.189(in Chinese)
[10] Zhang Y-S(张耀生),Zhou X-M(周兴民),Wang Q-J(王启基),et al.1993.Weeding experiments by applying 2,4-D Butyl to Festuca sinensis in artificial grasslands.Grassl China(中国草地),15(1):47～51(in Chinese)

[1]	陈俊南, 姜文洋, 昝志曼, 汪江涛, 郑宾, 刘领, 刘娟, 焦念元. 玉米和花生同垄间作对作物光合特性和间作优势的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(10): 2672-2682.
[2]	王洁, 华一帆, 秦际远, 贺明荣, 鞠正春, 吕鹏, 邓淑珍, 代兴龙. 表油菜素内酯喷施时期对宽幅播种小麦产量和氮素利用率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 99-106.
[3]	钱必长, 赵晨, 赵继浩, 赖华江, 李向东, 刘兆新. 不同花生棉花间作模式对花生生育后期生理特性及产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(9): 2422-2430.
[4]	刘春增, 张成兰, 李本银, 吕玉虎, 聂良鹏, 张琳. 紫云英配施化肥对水稻氮素吸收利用和紫云英氮在水稻-土壤体系分配、残留的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(5): 1791-1798.
[5]	马正波, 董学瑞, 房孟颖, 王琦, 闫鹏, 王庆燕, 卢霖, 董志强. 矮壮素配合氮肥全基施对华北夏玉米氮素利用的调控效应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(3): 931-941.
[6]	高芳, 李岳容, 张琼, 刘兆新, 赵继浩, 杨东清, 李向东. 外源乙烯利施用时期对花生源库形成的调控效应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(3): 951-958.
[7]	郭曾辉, 刘朋召, 雒文鹤, 王瑞, 李军. 限水减氮对关中平原冬小麦氮素利用和氮素表观平衡的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(12): 4359-4369.
[8]	庞茹月,王明辉,孔洁,李宁,王铭伦,邹晓霞. 湖北省不同花生轮作种植体系碳氮足迹 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(11): 3997-4003.
[9]	成厚亮, 张富仓, 李萌, 郑文慧, 肖超, 李越鹏. 不同生育期土壤基质势调控对棉花生长和土壤水盐分布的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(1): 211-221.
[10]	孙婉, 刘素君, 冯健超, 王朋涛, 马冬云, 谢迎新, 卢红芳, 王晨阳. 水分和氮源类型对小麦根际土壤酶活性和氮素利用效率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(8): 2583-2592.
[11]	吕广德, 王超, 靳雪梅, 徐加利, 王瑞霞, 孙宪印, 钱兆国, 吴科. 水氮组合对冬小麦干物质及氮素积累和产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(8): 2593-2603.
[12]	刘朋召, 王旭敏, 宁芳, 雒文鹤, 张琦, 张元红, 李军. 减量施氮对渭北旱地春玉米产量、氮素利用及土壤硝态氮含量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(8): 2621-2629.
[13]	柳瑞, Hafeez Abdul, 李恩琳, 蒙嘉琳, 田纪辉, 蔡昆争. 减氮配施稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤养分及植株氮素吸收的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2381-2389.
[14]	徐扬, 张冠初, 丁红, 慈敦伟, 秦斐斐, 张智猛, 戴良香. 干旱与盐胁迫对花生根际土壤细菌群落结构和花生产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(4): 1305-1313.
[15]	陈香碧, 胡亚军, 秦红灵, 章晓芳, 苏以荣, 李辉信. 稻作系统有机肥替代部分化肥的土壤氮循环特征及增产机制 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(3): 1033-1042.