除草剂二氯喹啉酸对水稻田土壤中微生物种群的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对好氧微生物采用平板稀释法,厌氧微生物采用最大或然计数法和滚管法研究土壤中施入0.33、0.67、1.00、1.33、2.00μg·g^-1干土除草剂二氯喹啉酸后对土壤可培养微生物种群数量的影响.结果表明,各种微生物对二氯喹啉酸的反应随其施加浓度的不同而有差异.二氯喹啉酸对水稻田土壤中好氧性细菌、水解发酵细菌、反硝化细菌数量的影响都是短暂的,第33d时均能恢复至接近对照水平.浓度在1.33μg·g^-1干土以下时二氯喹啉酸促进真菌数量增加,高于该浓度时则具有抑制作用.施用各浓度二氯喹啉酸初期,对土壤中放线菌和产甲烷菌有一定程度的抑制效应,但低浓度时抑制效应在培养后期消失.正常土壤施用量的二氯喹啉酸(即0.67μg·g^-1干土)对水田土壤微生物各种群无实质危害级农药.

关键词: 二氯喹啉酸, 水稻田, 好氧微生物, 厌氧微生物, 种群影响

Abstract: The potential effect of herbicide quinclorac on culturable microorganisms was investigated in a flooded paddy soil added with 0.33,0.67,1.00,1.33,and 2.00 μg quinclorac·g^-1 dried soil,by a 10-fold serial dilution plate technique for total soil aerobic bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi,by three-tube anaerobic most-probable-number (MPN) method with anaerobic liquid enrichment media for anaerobic fermentative bacteria (AFB),denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria (HPAB),and by the rolling tube method in triplicate for methanogenic bacteria (MB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB).The results showed that there were some differences in the aerobic heterotrophic bacteria,AFB and DNB between soils supplemented with quinclorac and non-quinclorac at the early stage of incubation,but none of them was persistent.The numbers of fungi and DNB were increased in soil samples treated with lower than 1.33 μg quinclorac·g^-1 dried soil,while the CFU of fungi and HPAB were decreased in soil samples treated by higher than 1.33 μg quinclorac·g^-1 dried soil.The population of actinomycete declined in negative proportion to the concentrations of quinclorac applied after 4 days,and the application of quinclorac greatly stimulated the growth of AFB and NFB.MB was more sensitive to quinclorac than the others,but its number in the soil samples with lower concentrations of quinclorac was nearly equal to that in the control on the 33 rd d.It could be concluded that quinclorac was safe to the soil microorganisms when applied at normal concentrations (0.67 μg·g^-1 dried soil).

Key words: Quinclorac, Flooded paddy soil, Microbic populations, Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Anaerobic bacteria

中图分类号:

X172

吕镇梅, 闵航, 叶央芳. 除草剂二氯喹啉酸对水稻田土壤中微生物种群的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (4): 605-609.

LÜ Zhenmei, MIN Hang, YE Yangfang. Effect of herbicide quinclorac on microbic populations in a paddy soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (4): 605-609.

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