潘成忠1,2,3;上官周平1
PAN Chengzhong 1,2,3;SHANGGUAN Zhouping 1
1State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100,China;2Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating,Education Ministry,Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,100083,China;3Graduate School of Chinese Aademy of Sciences, Beijing,100039,China
摘要: 以黄土区两种常见森林植被(次生山杨林和人工油松林)长期定位观测试验为基础,从水量平衡和径流产沙机理出发,分析了次降雨条件下两种林地和荒地坡面产流产沙过程.结果表明,次降雨量在5.0~50.0 mm范围内,油松林和山杨林的林冠和枯枝落叶层总截留率分别为15.45%~56.80%和20.56%~47.81%,且随降雨量的增大而减小.与荒坡地相比,林地土壤入渗性能显著增强,尤其是0~20 cm土层.分析表明,在一般降水条件下林地无径流产生;而在降雨雨强为2.5 mm·min-1和历时30 min条件下,山杨林地无地表径流产生,荒坡地的径流流速和径流挟沙浓度均为油松林地的23.5倍,而其径流剪切力和径流能量均为后者的8倍;油松林地的径流量和产沙量比荒地分别减少了87.6%和99.4%,与径流小区多年(1988~2000)观测平均值(分别为87.0%和99.9%)相近.