水稻植株对稻田甲烷排放的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻田CH₄排放是稻田土壤中CH₄产生、氧化和传输不同过程的净效应.水稻植株强烈影响稻田CH₄的产生、氧化和传输过程,是导致稻田CH₄排放季节性变化规律的一个重要因素.本文综述了水稻植株对稻田CH₄排放过程的不同影响.水稻植株根系分泌物和脱落物作为产甲烷前体促进稻田土壤中CH₄的产生,在水稻生长后期,植株根系分泌物和脱落物被认为是稻田土壤甲烷产生的主要基质,是导致这一时期稻田CH₄高排放通量的主要原因;水稻植株根系泌氧在根际环境形成一个微氧区域氧化稻田甲烷,整个水稻生长季稻田土壤中产生的CH₄大约36%～90%在植株根际环境中被氧化;约80%甚至更多的稻田CH₄通过水稻植株的通气组织进入大气圈,植株对稻田CH₄的传输具有十分重要的意义.

关键词: 水稻植株, 水稻田, 甲烷排放

Abstract: Methane emission from rice paddy fields is the net result of the combination of many processes, i.e., CH₄ production, CH₄ oxidation and CH₄ transportation in paddy soil. Rice plants play a key role in the CH₄ emission from paddy fields, particularly in all the processes involved. The positive and negative effects of rice plants on CH₄ emission from paddy fields are well recognized as the main factors influencing the temporal variation of CH₄ emission flux in paddy field. Process-based studies about the effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields were summarized, and different roles of rice plants on this emission were discussed. Root exudates and litters of rice plants could serve as the substrate for methanogenesis and enhance the CH₄ production of paddy soils, resulting in a high CH₄ emission peak, particularly in rice late growing season. Rhizospheric CH₄ oxidation induced by rice root-excreted oxygen constitutes a main biogenic sink of CH₄, which could account for 36～90% of CH₄ produced in paddy soil over the entire growing season of rice. Up to 80% and more of CH₄ released from rice field during a growing season could be emitted by rice plant-mediated transport. The fully developed aerenchyma of rice plants could be of importance in CH₄ emission during rice growing seasons, and responsible for the CH₄ emission peak observed at rice early growing season.

Key words: Rice plants, Rice paddy fields, Methane emission

中图分类号:

X142

贾仲君, 蔡祖聪. 水稻植株对稻田甲烷排放的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (11): 2049-2053.

JIA Zhongjun, CAI Zucong . Effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (11): 2049-2053.

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