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应用生态学报 ›› 2001, Vol. ›› Issue (2): 299-303.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

鲢放养和施肥对盐碱池塘围隔生态系统浮游生物群落的影响

赵文1, 董双林1, 张兆琪1, 李德尚1, 任日达2, 樊国平2   

  1. 1. 青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖开放实验室, 青岛266003;
    2. 山东省高青县水产局, 淄博256000
  • 收稿日期:1999-04-20 修回日期:1999-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 赵文,男,1963年出生,博士,副教授,主要人事水生生物和水域生态学的教学与研究工作,发表学术论文60余篇.E-mail:zhaowen@mail.dlptt.ln.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家“九五”科技攻关项目(960080401);国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(39725023)

Effect of silver carp stocking and fertilization on plankton community in enclosures in saline-alkaline ponds

ZHAO Wen1, DONG Shuanglin1, ZHANG Zhaoqi1, LI Deshang 1   

  1. Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003
  • Received:1999-04-20 Revised:1999-12-08

摘要: 报道了单养鲢(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix)和施肥对盐碱池塘围隔生态系统浮游生物群落的影响.鲢的放养使浮游植物丰度、叶绿素a含量和初级生产力增大,浮游植物小型化,生物量以小型硅藻和绿藻占优势,裸藻和金藻占有相当比重;浮游动物生物量减小,特别是枝角类的生物量无鱼围隔大于有鱼围隔,且多是较大型的种类.施肥特别是施无机肥能显著地提高浮游植物丰度和初级生产力,浮游动物生物量也增大.施有机肥围隔浮游植物和浮游动物生物量虽高于有鱼对照围隔,但其浮游植物初级生产力、叶绿素a含量、浮游生物多样性指数、P/R系数均较低,鲢鱼的生长最差.文中讨论了滤食性鱼类和施肥对浮游生物的影响.

关键词: 鲢, 施肥, 浮游生物, 生物量, 群落结构, 盐碱池塘, 围隔生态系统

Abstract: The effect of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stocking and fertilization on plankton community of enclosures ecosystem in saline-alkaline ponds were studied.After stocking silver carp in enclosures,the abundance,chlorophyll-a content and primary productivity of phytoplankton increased,and the biomass of phytoplankton was mainly composed by small species,such as diatom and green algae.Moreover,Euglnophyta and Chrysophyta were also sub-dominant species.The biomass of zooplankton decreased with fish stocking,and that of Cladocera was greater in control than in fish-culture enclosures.Zooplankton community was dominated by larger species such as Daphnia carinata in control enclosures.Fertilization,especially applying inorganic fertilizer,significantly increased the abundance and primay productivity of phytoplankton and the biomass of zooplankton.Although the biomass of plankton in the enclosures applied organic fertilizer was greater than that of control enclosures,the primary productivity and chlorophyll-a content of phytoplankton,the diversity index of plankton,and the P/R ratio were very low,and thus,silver carp grew slowly.The effect of filter feeding fish and applying fertilizer on the structure of plankton community was also discussed.

Key words: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Fertilization, Plankton, Biomass, Community structure, Saline-alkaline ponds, Enclosure ecosystem

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