湖南洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本评估

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (11): 2187-2193.

湖南洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本评估

向平安¹, 黄璜¹, 燕惠民², 周燕³, 郑华⁴, 黄兴国¹

1. 湖南农业大学农学院, 长沙 410128;
2. 湖南省农业环境保护管理站, 长沙 410011;
3. 长沙卷烟厂科研中心, 长沙 410014;
4. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

收稿日期:2005-03-04 修回日期:2005-06-20 出版日期:2005-11-15 发布日期:2005-11-15
通讯作者: 黄璜,E-mail:xpa830@126.com
基金资助:
国家"863"计划项目(863-306-ZD05-3-E)和湖南省科技厅资助项目(OONK1001).

Environmental cost of rice production in Dongting Lake area of Hunan Province

XIANG Ping'an¹, HUANG Huang¹, YAN Huimin², ZHOU Yan³, ZHENG Hua⁴, HUANG Xingguo ¹

1. College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
2. Agro-Environment Protection and Administration Station of Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, China;
3. Technical Center of Changsha Cigarette Factory, Changsha 410014, China;
4. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2005-03-04 Revised:2005-06-20 Online:2005-11-15 Published:2005-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国是一个农业大国.探讨水稻生产的环境成本,对于农业可持续发展和绿色GDP核算体系的建立具有重要意义.以我国主要产粮区之一的洞庭湖区为研究对象,从农药污染、化肥污染、温室气体排放、地膜残留、稻田潜育化和围湖造田等6个方面估算了该区1999年水稻生产的环境成本.结果表明,1999年洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本为41.91×10⁸元,约为1999年该区域农业生产总值的26.8%,相当于1999年该区域种植总产值的28.5%.为了水稻可持续生产,提出了环境成本内在化的策略.研究认为,水稻生产在给人类带来巨大福利的同时,对环境带来的损害也是不容忽视的,今后应加强水稻生产对环境影响机制的基础研究和水稻生产环境成本评估的理论和方法研究.

关键词: 水稻生产, 环境成本, 生态农业, 洞庭湖区

Abstract: To evaluate the environmental cost of rice production is of significance for the sustainable development of agriculture and the set-up of green GDP accounting system.In this paper,the environmental cost of rice production in Dongting Lake area,one of the main bread baskets in China,was evaluated from the aspects of pesticide pollution,chemical fertilizer pollution,greenhouse gases emission,plastic film persistence,paddyfield gleyization,and polderization.The results showed that in 1999,the total environmental cost of rice production in this area was 41.91 billion yuan,equivalent to 26.8% of its total agricultural production value,or 28.5% of the gross output of its planting industry.For the sustainable production of rice,the strategies for decrease environmental cost intrinsically were put forward.

Key words: Rice production, Environmental cost, Ecological agriculture, Dongting lake area

中图分类号:

X171

向平安, 黄璜, 燕惠民, 周燕, 郑华, 黄兴国. 湖南洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本评估[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(11): 2187-2193.

XIANG Ping'an, HUANG Huang, YAN Huimin, ZHOU Yan, ZHENG Hua, HUANG Xingguo . Environmental cost of rice production in Dongting Lake area of Hunan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(11): 2187-2193.

参考文献

[1] Chen G-X(陈冠雄),Huang G-H(黄国宏),Huang B(黄斌),et al.1995.CH4 and N₂O emission from a rice field and effect of Azolla and fertilization on them.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),6(4):378～382(in Chinese)
[2] Dlugokencky EJ,Masarie KA,Lang PM,et al.1998.Continuing decline in the growth rate ofthe atmospheric methane burden.Nature.393:447～450
[3] Fang K(方凯),Li L-Q(李利强),Tian Q(田琪).2003.Dongting Lake water environment quality and developmental trends.Inland Aquatic Prod(内陆水产),(4):34～36(in Chinese)
[4] Houghton J.1996.Transl.Dai X-S(戴晓苏),Shi G-Y(石广玉),Dong M(董敏),et al.2001.Global Warming.Beijing:Meteorology Press.165～167(in Chinese)
[5] Hunan Mapping Bureau(湖南省测绘局).2000.Atlas of Hunan Province.Changsha:Hunan Map Press.7～8(in Chinese).
[6] Jamus LD.1980.Transl. Chang X-H(常锡厚),Zhao B-Z(赵宝璋),Xie A-Z(谢安周),et al.1984.Economics of Water Resources Management.Beijing:Hydroelectric Power Press.255～257(in Chinese)
[7] Jia Z-J(贾仲君),Cai Z-C(蔡祖聪).2003.Effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(11):2049～2053(in Chinese)
[8] Li J(李季),Jin B-G(靳百根),Cui Y-T(崔玉亭),et al.2001.Estimation onthe environmental costs of rice production in China:Hubei and Hunan case study.Acra Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(9):1474～1483(in Chinese)
[9] Li J-C(李金昌).1999.Theory of Ecological Value.Chongqing:Chongqing University Press.67～68(in Chinese)
[10] Li J-B(李景保),Chen Z-M(陈长明),Duan Z-L(段正梁)-1995.Study on the expbitation and utilization of land reclamation in the Dongtinghu Area.J Hunan Nor Univ(Nat Sci)(湖南师范大学学报·自然科学版),18(1):72～77(in Chinese)
[11] Li J-B(李景保),Deng L-J(邓铬金).1993.Environmental impacts of land reclamation in the Dongtinghu area.Resour Environ Yangtze Vall(长江流域资源与环境),2(4):340～346(in Chinese)
[12] Li Y(李勇),Jin W(靳伟),An Q(安琼),et al.1998.Analyses on the status quo of chemical fertilizer and pesticide nonpoint pollution in hilly red soil region of sourheast china.Rural EcoEnviron(农村生态环境),14(1):24～30(in Chinese)
[13] Lin Y-S(林玉锁),Gong R-Z(龚瑞忠),Mi Z-L(米忠林).2000.Pesticides and Environmental Protection.Beijing:Chemistry Press.9～13(in Chinese)
[14] Lv Y(吕耀),Cheng X(程序).2000.Nitrogen pollution from agricultural non-point sources in lake Tai region and its environmental economic analysis.Shanghai Environ Sci(上海环境科学),19(4):143～145(in Chinese)
[15] Matthews RB, Wassmann R, Knox JW, et al. 2000. Using a crop/soil simulation model and GIS techniques to assess methane emissions from rice fields in Asia Ⅳ. Up scaling to national levels. Nutr Cyc Agroecosyst, 58:201～ 217
[16] Minami K and Neue HU. 1994. Rice paddies as a methane source.Climatic Change, 27:13～26
[17] Pu Y-X(卜跃先),Cai M(柴铭).2001.Initial evaluation of economic losses of Dongting Lake environmental pollution from Dongting Lake water.Yantze River(人民长江),32(4):27～28(in Chinese)
[18] Quan W-M(全为民),Yan L-J(严力蚊).2002.Efleets of agncultural non-point source pollution on eutrophication of water body and its controlmeasure-Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),22(3):291～299(in Chinese)
[19] Song W-Z(宋文质),Wang S-B(王少彬),Su W-H(苏维瀚),et al.1996.Agricultural activities and emissions of greenhouse gases in China Region.Environ Sci(环境科学),17(1):85～88(in Chinese)
[20] Wang C-R(王琛瑞),Huang G-H(黄国宏),Liang Z-B(梁战备),et al.2002.Advances in the research on sources and sinks of CH4and CH4 oxidation(uptake)in soil.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(12):1707～1712(in Chinese)
[21] Wang F(王峰).1999.My opinion on establishment of China's green packaging system.Environ Prot(环境保护),(4):40～43(in Chinese)
[22] Xu S-L(徐嵩龄).1998.Theoretical Studies and Practical Assessment of the Economic Losses of China's Environmental Degradation.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.24(in Chinese)