川中丘陵区冬灌田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法对川中丘陵区冬灌田CH₄和N₂O排放特征进行连续一年的田间原位测定.结果表明,种植水稻区(种植区)在水稻生长季平均CH₄排放速率为22.7±2.76mg·m^-2·h^-1,休闲期平均为1.43±0.20mg·m^-2·h^-1,全年平均为9.4±1.17mg·m^-2·h^-1;全年CH₄排放主要集中在水稻生长季,其累计CH₄排放量占全年总CH₄排放量的91.2%.未种植水稻区(对照区)全年CH₄平均排放速率为2.03±0.18mg·m^-2·h^-1,水稻生长季CH₄排放量占全年总排放量的86.2%.N₂O的排放在稻田落干时呈现脉冲排放.在水稻生长季,对照区CH₄和N₂O的季节排放速率分别为4.53±0.38mg·m^-2·h^-1和32.01±5.02μg·m^-2·h^-1,而种植区则分别为22.76±2.76mg·m^-2·h^-1和73.04±5.03μg·m^-2·h^-1,植株参与导致CH₄和N₂O排放速率分别增加302%和128%.CH₄和N₂O的排放随土壤水分条件的变化呈互为消长关系.在冬灌田中,即使考虑500年的时间尺度,全年N₂O排放产生的全球增温潜势也只有CH₄的7.9%,与CH₄相比,冬灌田排放的N₂O所产生的温室效应很小.

关键词: 冬灌田, CH₄, N₂O, 排放速率

Abstract: By the method of static opaque chamber/ modified gas chromatography,a one year field experiment was conducted to measure in situ the CH₄ and N₂O emission from a winter time flooded paddy field in a hilly area of Southwest China.Gas samples were taken simultaneously from rice involved and rice uninvolved plots.The results showed that during rice growth period,the CH₄ emission from the winter time flooded paddy field was higher than that from other paddy fields,but largely lower than many previous reports for the similar regions in Southwest China.The average flux of CH₄ emission from rice involved plots was 22.76±2.76 mg CH₄·m^-2 ·h^-1 during rice growth period,9.64±1.17 mg CH₄·m^-2 ·h^-1 per year,and 1.43±0.20 mg CH₄·m^-2 ·h^-1 during non rice growth season; while that from rice uninvolved plots was only 2.03±0.18 mg CH₄·m^-2 ·h^-1 per year,markedly lower than those from rice involved plots.During rice growth season,the mean emission rate of CH₄ and N₂O was 4.53±0.38 mg CH₄·m^-2 ·h^-1 and 32.01±5.02 μg N₂O·m^-2 ·h^-1 from rice uninvolved plots,but reached to 22.76±2.76 mg CH₄·m^-2 ·h^-1 and 73.04±5.03 μg N₂O·m^-2 ·h^-1 from rice involved plots,respectively.Rice involvement resulted in 302% increment of CH₄ and 128% increment of N₂O emission.There was a clear trade off between CH₄ and N₂O emission in paddy fields.Even with a span of 500 years,our calculation showed that in this winter time flooded paddy field,the GWP contributed by N₂O production was 7.9% of the CH₄ contribution,and thus,the greenhouse effect of N₂O production from this field was very small.

Key words: Winter-time flooded paddy field, CH₄ and N₂O, Emission rate

中图分类号:

S153
X511

江长胜, 王跃思, 郑循华, 李晶, 黄耀, 韩广轩, 张中杰, 朱波. 川中丘陵区冬灌田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(3): 539-544.

JIANG Changsheng, WANG Yuesi, ZHENG Xunhua, LI Jing, HUANG Yao, HAN Guangxuan, ZHANG Zhongjie, ZHU Bo . CH₄ and N₂O emission from a winter-time flooded paddy field in a hilly area of Southwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(3): 539-544.

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