有机磷农药对韭菜虫害的防治效果及农药的微生物降解

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用3.00 kg(a.i)·hm^-2辛硫磷和2.63 kg(a.i)·hm^-2甲基对硫磷来防治韭菜蓟马,3 d后与不施农药的对照相比,虫口减退率分别达到98.28%和98.39%;20 d后虫口减退率分别达到89.94%和94.40%.用浓度分别为15.00、18.00和21.00 kg(a.i)·hm^-2的辛硫磷来防治韭蛆,3 d后与不施农药的对照相比,虫口减退率分别达到了80.77%、93.10%和96.98%;35 d后虫口减退率分别达到了92.44%、95.05%和96.81%.施用降解菌剂对防治蓟马和韭蛆没有不良影响,但可显著降低韭菜中的农药含量.蓟马施药防治后3 d喷施45.00 L·hm^-2的降解菌剂,3 d后与不施菌对照相比,辛硫磷和甲基对硫磷的降解率分别为99.52%和98.83%;20 d后韭菜(苔)中农药含量均检测不出.韭蛆施药防治后3 d灌施75.00 L·hm^-2降解菌剂,35 d后不同辛硫磷施用量的降解率分别为100%、100%和99.69%.

关键词: 蓟马, 韭蛆, 防治, 辛硫磷, 甲基对硫磷, 生物降解, 降解菌剂

Abstract: 3.00 kg(a.i)穐m^-2 phoxin and 2.63 kg(a.i)穐m^-2 methyl parathion were respectively applied to control the Taeniothrips alliorum on Chinese chive.Compared to no pesticide treatment,the decline rate of the insect density was 98.28% and 98.39% at the 3rd day after spraying pesticides,and 89.94% and 94.04% at the 20th day after spraying pesticides,respectively.At the 3rd day after spraying 15.00,18.00 and 21.00 kg(a.i)穐m^-2 phoxin,the insect density of Bradysia odoriphaga decreased 80.77%,93.10% and 96.98%,and at the 35th day after spraying,it decreased 92.44%,95.05% and 96.81%,respectively.The application of pesticide-degrading bacterium had not any effect on controlling insect pests,but could markedly degrade pesticide.At the 3rd day after spraying 45.00 L穐m^-2 pesticide-degrading bacterium to control Taeniothrips alliorum,the degradion rate of phoxin and methyl parathion was 99.52% and 98.83%,and at the 3rd after spraying 75.00 L穐m^-2 pesticide-degrading bacterium to control Bradysia odoriphaga,the degradation rate of three concentrations of phoxin was 100%,100% and 99.69%,respectively.

Key words: Bradysia odoriphaga, Taeniothrips alliorum, Pest control, Phoxin, Methyl parathion, Bio-degradation, Pesticide-degrading bacterium

中图分类号:

蒋建东, 曹慧, 张瑞福, 张明星, 李顺鹏. 有机磷农药对韭菜虫害的防治效果及农药的微生物降解[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (8): 1459-1462.

JIANG Jiandong, CAO Hui, ZHANG Ruifu, ZHANG Mingxing, LI Shunpeng. Effect of organophosphorous insecticides on Chinese chive insect pests and their degradation by pesticide-degrading bacterium[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (8): 1459-1462.

参考文献

[1] Andrew MF, Olli H.1991.Micobiological degradation of pesticides in yard waste composting.Microbiol Rev, 55(2): 225 ～ 233
[2] Cao Z-F(曹志方),Wang Y-S(王银善).1996.Biodegradation of methamidophos by microbes.Adv Environ Sci(环境科学进展),4(6)32～35(in Chinese)
[3] Cheng G-F(程国锋),Li S-P(李顺鹏),et al.1998.Microbial degradation of residual pesticides in vegetable.Chin J Appl Environ Biol(应用与环境生物学报),4(1):81～84(in Chinese)
[4] Crawford RL, Mohn WW.1985.Microbiological removal of pentachlorophenol from soil using flavobacterium.Enzyme Microbiol Technol, 7: 617～ 620
[5] Cui ZL, Li SP, Fu GP.2001.Isolation of methyl parathion-degrading strain M6 and cloning of the methyl parathion hydrolase gene.Appl Environ Microbiol, 67 (10): 4922 ～ 4925
[6] Dang Z-H(党志红),Dong J-Z(董建臻),et al.2001.Biology and injury of Bradysia odoripgaga on leek in different type of cultivation.J Agric Univ Hebei(河北农业大学学报),24(4)65～68(in Chinese)
[7] Fang L(方玲).2000.Isolation and selection of strains used to degrade organic chlorine pesticides and application effects.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(2):249～252(in Chinese)
[8] Gao Z-L(高占林),Dang Z-H(党志红),et al.2000.Sensitivity of Bradysia odoripgaga in various places in Hebei Province to some insecticides.Chin J Pesticide Sci(农药学学报),2(4):88～90(in Chinese)
[9] Huang H(黄鸿),Wu H(吴华),et al.2001.Degradation dynamic and residue of phoxin in the soil of pomelo orchard.Ecol Sci (生态科学),20(3):77～80(in Chinese)
[10] Handelsamn J,Lawrence PW.2002.Microbial diversity-sustaining the earth andindustry.Current Opinion Microbiol,(5):237～239
[11] Jiang M(姜梅),Niu S-Q(牛世全),et al.2003.Research advances in biodegration of chlorophenos in environment.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(6):1003～1006(in Chinese)
[12] Li S-P(李顺鹏),Shen B(沈标),et al.1996.Ecological effect of bacterium to degrade parathion methyl(PM)and its application.Acta Pedol Sin(土壤学报),33(4):380～384(in Chinese)
[13] Liu Z(刘智),Sun J-C(孙建春),et al.1999.Isolation,identification and characters of methyl parathion on degrading bacterium.Chin J Appl Environ Boil(应用与环境生物学报),5(supp.):147～150(in Chirese)
[14] Liu Z(刘智),Zhang X-Z(张晓舟),et al..2003.Use of methyl parathion(MP)-degrading strain DLL-E4(Pseudomonas sp.)to remove MP residue on the surface of agricultural products.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(10):1770～1774(in Chinese)
[15] Munnecke DM.1976.Enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphate insecticides,a possible pesticide disposal method.Appl Environ Microbial,32:7～13
[16] Nannipiri P,Bollag JM.1991.Use of enzyme to detoxify pesticidescontaminated soil and water.Environ Qual,20:510～517
[17] Pan X-D(潘学冬),Yu Y-L(虞云龙),et al.2001.Microbial degradation of O-Phosphothioate insecticides.Chin J Pesticide Sci (农药学学报),3(2):73～76(in Chinese)
[18] Qiu J-S(邱俊珊),Zhu K-L(朱可丽),Zhang J(张杰),et al.2002.Diversity ofthe microorganisims degrading aromatic hydrocarbons.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(12):1713～1715(in Chinese)
[19] Shelton DR,Doherty MA.1997.A model describing pesticide bioavailability and biodegradation in soil.Soil Sci Soc Am J,(4):1078～1084
[20] Shi L-L(石利利),Lin Y-S(林玉锁),et al.2002.Biodegradation of parathion methyl Pseudomonas sp.(DLL^-1)and its mechanism.Rural Eco-Environ(农村生态环境),18(3):26～29(in Chinese)
[21] Shi L-L(石利利),Lin Y-S(林玉锁),et al.2001.Studies on the biodegradation characteristics of parathion methyl by Pseudomonas sp.(DLL^-1)in soil and the influence factors.Acta Sci Circums(环境科学学报),21(5):597～600(in Chinese)
[22] Tang G-W(唐国文),Gong X-W(龚信文),et al.2002.Studies on species of trips in fields of vegetable in Wuhan Region.J Huazhong Agric Univ(华中农业大学学报),21(1):5～9(in Chinese)
[23] Yu Y-L(虞云龙),Chen H-X(陈鹤鑫),et al.1998.Enzymatic degradation of O-Phosphothioate insecticides.Environ Sci(环境科学),3:59～61(in Chinese)
[24] Yue Y-D(岳永德),Tao Q-H(陶庆会),et al.2000.Effects of surfactants on photodegradation of methy-parathion.J Anhui Agric Univ(安徽农业大学学报),27(2):103～107(in Chinese)
[25] Zhang J(张杰),Liu Y-S(刘永生),et al.2003.Isolation and characteristics of PAHs-degrading strains.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(10):1783～1786(in Chinese)
[26] Zhang R-F(张瑞福)Jiang J-D(蒋建东),et al.2004.Degradation of methyl parathion in soil and Chinese chive by strain DLL^-1.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),15(2):295～298(in Chinese)
[27] Zhou J-Y(周军英),Lin Y-S(林玉锁),et al.2002.Degradation of parathion-methyl in soil by Plesiomonas sp.DLL^-1.Chin Environ Sci(中国环境科学),22(3):231～234(in Chinese)
[28] Zhu L-S(朱鲁生),Mu W(慕卫),et al.1999.Residue of fenpropathrin phoxim and its mixture on apple.Chin J Pesticide Sci (农药学学报),1(1):69～73(in Chinese)
[29] Zhu L-S(朱鲁生),Wang J(王军),et al.2003.Degradation of fenpropathrin,phoxim and their mixture by soil microbes.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(6):1023～1025(in Chinese)