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应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (4): 497-501.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新建果园几种作物间种模式生态系统结构及功能研究

曾馥平, 王克林, 李玲, 苏以荣, 肖润林, 蒙冠禧, 韦政社   

  1. 中国科学院亚热带区域农业研究所, 长沙 410125
  • 收稿日期:2000-12-27 修回日期:2001-06-07 出版日期:2003-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 曾馥平,男,1964年生,副研究员,主要从事生态农业、资源利用与开发等方面的研究,已发表论文和著作30余篇(册).曾馥平,通讯联系人
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院“十五”重大项目(NK-10·5-H-1);国家“十五”重点攻关项目(2001BA60A08);广西壮族自治区攻关资助项目(0133003).

Structure and function of several intercropping ecosystems in newly built orchard

ZENG Fuping, WANG Kelin, LI Lin, SU Yirong, XIAO Runlin, MENG Guanxi, WEI Zhengshe   

  1. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scences, Changsha 410125, China
  • Received:2000-12-27 Revised:2001-06-07 Online:2003-04-15

摘要: 从荒坡地新建果园10多种农作物间种模式中筛选出5种优化模式,分析和评价了各种种植模式的生态系统的结构和功能.结果表明,随着重复种植的增加,5种间种模式土壤有机质年增加5%~20%,全氮年增加7%~40%,全磷年增加8%~70%,全钾年增加15%~80%;水土保持最好的是花生秋大豆、春大豆秋大豆,其次为西红柿白菜、辣椒西红柿和旱稻红萝卜,土壤平均侵蚀量和地表径流量与对照相比分别降低44.19%、38.24%、39.52%、37.56%、37.30%和22.40%、9.28%、24.11%、21.60%、15.93%;在5种模式中,生物量最高的是辣椒-西红柿,年均达到100276kg·hm-2,其次是花生秋大豆,年均达到77026kg·hm-2;而生产力最高的是花生秋大豆,达到15619kg·hm-2,其次是西红柿白菜,为15394kg·hm-2;投能效率最高的是辣椒西红柿,年均达到3.06,其次为西红柿白菜、花生秋大豆、春大豆秋大豆、旱稻红萝卜,分别为2.16、2.15、2.06和0.71.同时,有机、无机能输入效应表明,以生物能为主源输入进行转化利用太阳光能和水土资源,维护了果园生态系统的能量盈余,生态效益较高.

Abstract: Sloping wildland is the important potential land resource in China. Structures and functions of five optimized models selected from more than10 intercropping patterns in the newly built orchards in the uncultivated sloping field were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that organic matter was increased by 5~20%, total Nby 7~40%, total Pby 8~70%, and total Kby 15~80% yearly. Considering its benefit in soil and water conservation, the intercropping model of peanut and autumn soybean was the best, and followed by spring soybean and autumn soybean, tomato and Chinese cabbage, cayenne and tomato, and drought rice and red turnip. Compared with the control, the average soil erosion module and runoff amount of the 5 models were decreased by 44.19%, 38.24%, 39.52%, 37.56%, 37.30%, and 22.40%, 9.28%, 24.11%, 21.60%, 15.93%, respectively.The intercropping model of cayenne and tomato had the highest biomass, and its annual biomass averaged 100267kg·hm-2. The biomass of intercropping model of peanut and autumn soybean was the second, and the annual value averaged 77026kg·hm-2.Intercropping model of peanut and autumn had the highest annual productivity, which averaged 15619kg·hm-2, and that of intercropping model of tomato and Chinese cabbage was the second,averaged 15394kg·hm-2.The efficiency of energy introjection was in order of cayenne and tomato, tomato and Chinese cabbage, peanut and autumn soybean, spring soybean and autumn soybean, and dry rice and red turnip, and their values were 3.06, 2.16, 2.15, 2.06, and 0.71, respectively.

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