白鹭作为无锡太湖地区环境污染指示生物的研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (2): 263-268.

白鹭作为无锡太湖地区环境污染指示生物的研究

阮禄章¹, 张迎梅¹, 赵东芹¹, 董元华², Fasola Mauro³

1. 兰州大学生命科学学院, 干旱农业生态国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000;
2. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008;
3. Department of Animal Biology, Pavia University, Pavia 27100, Italy

收稿日期:2001-07-02 修回日期:2001-10-26 出版日期:2003-02-15
通讯作者: 张迎梅
基金资助:
欧共体国际合作发展项目(IC18CT980294);教育部优秀青年教师基金资助项目(教人司[2000]11号)

Egretta garzetta as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Tai Lake region

RUAN Luzhang¹, ZHANG Yingmei¹, ZHAO Dongqin¹, DONG Yuanhua², Fasola Mauro³

1. StateKey Laboratory of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
3. Department of Animal Biology, Pavia University, Pavia 27100, Italy

Received:2001-07-02 Revised:2001-10-26 Online:2003-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2000年4～6月对分布在无锡太湖地区的4种鹭鸟中的白鹭(Egretta garzetta)行为生态学及其生境污染状况进行了调查研究.调查地白鹭主要栖息树种包括马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、香樟树(Cinnamomum hupehanum)、麻栎树(Quercus acutissema)、榆树(Ulmus prmila)和杨梅树(Myrica rubra).栖息地总面积为7hm²,白鹭总巢数为4200个,每棵树平均0.38个.白鹭的孵化期为19～21d,卵重23.9±4.0g(n=41),平均卵大小(44.5±4.1)mm×(32.6±4.9)mm(n=41),平均窝卵数5.02(2～8)枚,平均窝雏数3.86(2～7)只,孵化成功率为84.25%.对白鹭雏鸟左右跗　的测量分析表明不对称性不显著(P>0.05).白鹭雏鸟食物较小,繁殖期间主要以小型鱼类和虾类为食.污染物分析结果表明,白鹭卵中除Cd外,六氯苯、六六六、环二烯类、DDTs、DDE、PCBs、Cr、Hg和Pb均检测到.食物链(底泥食物白鹭雏鸟)中,有机杀虫剂和重金属都逐级富集.通过与相对无污染的鄱阳湖地区比较,太湖地区和鄱阳湖地区卵样品中的DDTs(包括DDT、DDE和DDD)浓度最高(超过2μg·g^-1),其它污染物浓度均较小.太湖地区白鹭卵中的DDTs、Cd和Cr浓度低于鄱阳湖地区,其它污染物浓度鄱阳湖地区均低于太湖地区.

Abstract: There were four species of Ardeidae in Tai Lake. The dominant vegetations in the habitat were Pinus massoniana, Cinnamomum hupehanum, Quercus acutissema, Ulmus prmila and Myrica rubra, which were suitable for Egretta garzetta to make nests. The area of the habitat was about 7 hm², where there were totally 4200 Egretta garzetta nests with the density of 0.38 nest per tree in average. Studies on Egretta garzetta breeding ecology showed that the incubating time was 19～21 days,the average egg weight was 23.9±4.0 g(n =41), and the average egg size was 44.5±4.1 mm×32.6±4.9 mm(n =41). The mean clutch size and brood size were 5.02 (2～8) and 3.86(2～7), respectively, and the hatching rate was 84.25%. The measurements of Egretta garzetta nestling tarsus did not show any asymmetry (P>0.05). Egretta garzetta fed mainly on small fish and shrimps in Tai Lake. The analysis results of Tai Lake samples showed that the pollutants including HCH, HCB, cyclodience, DDTs (DDT, DDE and DDD), PCBs, Cr, Hg and Pb in Egretta garzetta eggs were detected except Cd,and these pollutants accumulated through prey chain from sediments and preys to nestlings. Comparing samples from Tai Lake and those from Poyang Lake as relatively unpolluted area, only the concentration of DDTs residues was higher than 2 μg·g^-1 in both lakes,and the other residues from Tai Lake like organochlorine insecticides, PCBs and heavy metals were all lower than those from Poyang Lake, and did not affect the development and breeding success of Egretta garzetta at present.

中图分类号:

X508

阮禄章, 张迎梅, 赵东芹, 董元华, Fasola Mauro. 白鹭作为无锡太湖地区环境污染指示生物的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (2): 263-268.

RUAN Luzhang, ZHANG Yingmei, ZHAO Dongqin, DONG Yuanhua, Fasola Mauro. Egretta garzetta as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Tai Lake region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (2): 263-268.

参考文献

[1] Al-Hakkak ZS,Hussain AF.1990.Comparative toxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds in fig moth Ephestia cautella(Walker).Ind J Exp Biol,28(4):387～389
[2] Ash JS,Taylor A.1964.Further trials on the effects of gamma BHC seed dressing on breeding pheasants.Game Res Assoc Ann Rep,4:14～20
[3] Ashkenazi S,Yom-Tov Y.1997.The breeding biology of the black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and the little egret (Egretta garzetta) at the Huleh Nature Reserve, Israel.J Zool,242(4):623～641
[4] Blus LJ, Henny CJ, Kaiser TE. 1980. Population ecology of breeding great blue herons in the Columbia Basin, Oregon and Washington.Murrelet,61:63～71
[5] Blus LJ.1984. DDE in birds' eggs: Comparison of two methods for estimating critical levels.Wilson Bull,96:268～276
[6] Blus LJ.1996.DDT, DDD, and DDE in birds. In: Beyer WN, Heinz GH, Redmon-Norwood AW eds.Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife:Interpreting Tissue Concentrations.Boca Ratón, Florida:CRC Press Inc.49～72
[7] Cosson RP, Amiard J, Amiard-Triquet C. 1988. Trace elements in little egrets and flamingos of Camargue, France.Ecotox Environ Saf,15:107～116
[8] Custer TW,Hensler GL,Kaiser TE.1983.Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons.Auk,100:699～710
[9] Custer TW, Hines RH, Melancon MJ,et al.1997.Contamination concentration and biomarker response in great blue heron eggs from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River, USA.Environ Toxi Chem,16:260～271
[10] Fasola M,Alieri R.1992. Conservation of heronry Ardeidae sites in North Italian agricultural landscapes.Biol Cons,62:219～228
[11] Fasola M.1994.Opportunistic use of foraging resources by heron communities in southern Europe.Ecography,17(2):113～123
[12] Friend M.1985.Interpretation of Criteria Commonly Used to Determine Lead Poisoning Problem Areas.U.S.Grovernment Printing Office,Fish and wildlife leaflet 2,4pp.U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Washington,D.C.,Department of the Interior.No.676-206/4000.
[13] Furness RW. 1993. Birds as monitors of pollutants. In: Furness RW, Greenwood JJD eds. Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change.London,UK:Chapman & Hall.86～143
[14] Henny CJ,Blus LJ, Stafford CJ.1983.Effects of heptachlor on American kestrels in the Columbia Basin,Oregon.J Wildl Man,47:1080～1087
[15] Henny CJ,Blus LJ,Krynitsky AJ.1984.Current impact of DDE on black-crowned night herons in the intermountain west.J Wildl Man,48:1～13
[16] Henny CJ,Blus LJ.1986.Radiotelemetry locates wintering grounds of DDE-contaminated black-crowned night-herons.Wildl Soc Bull,14:236～241
[17] Hickey JJ,Anderson DW.1968.Chlorinated hydrocarbons and eggshell changes in raptorial and fish-eating birds.Science,162:271～273
[18] Hoffman DJ,Rattner BA,Bunck CM,et al.1986.Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay.J Tox Environ Health,19:383～391
[19] Hothem RL, Roster DL, King KA,et al.1995. Spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in eggs of wading birds from S. Francisco Bay, California.Environ Tox Chem,8:1319～1331
[20] Hoyt DF.1979.Practical methods of estimating volume and fresh weight of birds egg.Auk,96(1):73～77
[21] Keith JO,Hunt EG.1966.Levels of insecticide residues in fish and wildlife in California.Trans N Am Wildl Nat Resour Conf,35:150～177
[22] Leach RM,Wang KW,Baker DE.1979.Cadmium and the food chain:The effect of dietary cadmium on tissue composition in chicks and laying hens.J Nutr,109:437～443
[23] Moore NW,Walker CH.1964.Organic chlorine insecticide residues in wild birds.Nature,201:1072～1073
[24] Nisbet ICT,Reynolds LM.1984. Organochlorine residues in common terns and associated marine organism. Massachusetts,USA,1971-81.Mar Environ Res,11:33～66
[25] Pruett-Jones SG,White CM,Emison WB.1980. Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in eggs and prey of peregrine falcons from Victoria, Australia.Emu,80:281～287
[26] Schwetz BA,Norris JM,Keeler RJ.1974.Reproduction study in Japanese quail fed hexachlorobutadiene for 90 days.Tox Appl Pharm,30:255～265
[27] Switzer B,Levin B,Wolfe FH.1973.DDE and reproductive success in some Alberta common terns.Can J Zool,51:1081～1086
[28] U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1986.Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement on the Use of Lead Shot for Hunting Migratory Birds in the United States.Washington,D.C:U.S.Fish and Wildlife Servece.535
[29] Walker AIT,Neill CH,Stevenson DE.1969.The toxicity of dieldrin(HEOD) to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).Tox Appl Pharm,15:69～73
[30] Zhang Y-M(张迎梅),Ruan L-Z(阮禄章),Dong Y-H(董元华),et al.2000.Study on the breeding biology of night heron(Nycticorax nycticorax) and little egret(Egretta garzetta) in Taihu Lake of Wuxi, China.Zool Res(动物学研究),21(4):275～278(in Chinese)
[31] Zhou L-Z(周立志),Song Y-J(宋榆钧),Ma Y(马勇).1998.Breeding biology of the three herons in Zipeng Mountains.Chin J Zool(动物学杂志),33(4):34～38(in Chinese)