[1] Bailey L. 1966. The effect of temperature on the pathogenicity of the fungus Ascosphaera apis, for larvae of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Proc. Int. Coll. Insect Path. Microbial Control, Wagenningen, North Holland. 162~167 [2] Bamford S, Heath LAF. 1989.The effects of temperature and pH on the germination of spores of the chalkbrood fungus, Ascosphaera apis. J Apicult Res,28(1): 36~40 [3] Betts AD. 1932.Chalkbrood. Bee World,13(7): 78~80 [4] Bishop GH. 1923. Body fluid of the honey bee larva I. Osmotic pressure, specific gravity, pH, O2 capacity, CO2 capacity, and buffer value, and their changes with larval activity and metamorphosis. J Biol Chem,58: 543~563 [5] Carrera P, Sommaragua A and Vailiti G. 1987. The development of Ascosphaera apis within larvae of Apis mellifera liguslica. J Apicult Res,26(1): 59~63 [6] Chen K-L(陈克利). 1988. Modem Apiculture and Honeybee Product Processing. Beijing: Beijing Press. 394~397(in Chinese) [7] Dong B-Y(董秉义).1992. Chinese Agricultural Encyclopedia. Vol. Apiculture: Chalkbrood. Beijing: Agricultural Press.4~5(in Chinese) [8] Du Z-L(杜芝兰),Jia F-X(贾福相).1996. Honybee Bee Pathology.Beijing: Beijing University Press. 31~33(in Chinese) [9] Feng F(冯峰),Chen S-J(陈淑静),Diao L-Y(刁连友).1995. Chinese Bee Patholoty and Control. Beijing: Chinese Agricultural Scienceand Technology Press. 112 (in Chinese) [10] Fujian Agricultural College(福建农学院).1981. Apiculture. Fuzhou: Fujian Science and Technology Press. 220~221(in Chinese) [11] Furuya K, Takatori K, Sonobe O, Mabuch T. 1981. Occurrence of chalk brood disease in honeybee larvae in Japan. Mycol Soc Japan,22:127~133 [12] Gilliam M and Taber Ⅲ S. 1973. Microorganisms and disease encountered in continuous bee production. Amer Bee J, 113 (6): 222~223 [13] Gilliam M, Taber Ⅲ S. and Richardson GV. 1983. Hygienic behavior of honeybees in relation to chalkbrood disease. Apidologie,14:29~39 [14] Gilliam M, Taber Ⅲ S, Lorenz BJ. and Prest DB. 1988. Factors affecting development of chalkbrood disease in colonies of honeybees, Apis mellifera, fed pollen contaminated with Ascosphaera apis. J Invertebrate Pathol,52:314~325 [15] Guo F-B(郭芳彬).1993. Diagnosis and Controlling of Chalkbrood. Apicult Sci and Technol(养蜂科技),(2):23(in Chinese) [16] Hale PJ, Menapace DM. 1980. Effect of time and temperature on theviability of Ascosphaera apis. J Invertebrate Pathol36: 429~430 [17] Heath LAF. 1982.Development of chalk brood in a honeybee colony: areview. Bee World, 63(3): 119~130 [18] Heath LAF, Gaze BM. 1987. Carbon dioxide activation of spores of thechalkbrood fungus, Ascosphaera apis. J Apicult Res,26:243~246 [19] Herbert EW, Shimanuki H. 1983. Effect of diet pH on the consumption, brood rearing and pH of worker jelly produced by caged honey bees. Apidologie,14:191~196 [20] Huber J. 1958. Untersuchungen zur Physiologie lnsektentotendender Pilze. Arch Mikrobiol,29: 257~276 [21] Jin T-D(金汤东),Wang J-R(汪建如),Lu X-X(陆学校).1995. Investigating and Controlling of Chalkbrood in Ningbo. China Apiculture(中国养蜂),(5):28~29(in Chinese) [22] Li F-D(李阜棣),Yu Z-N(喻子牛),He S-J(何绍江).1996.Agricultural Microbiology Experimental Technology. Beijing: Agricultural Press. 158,305~315(in Chinese) [23] Maurizio A. 1935. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Pilzflora im Ber. Schweiz Bot Ges,44:133~156 [24] Mraz C. 1973. Chalk brood. Glean Bee Cult,101(4): 115~129 [25] Nelson DL. 1975. An evaluation: a cross between New Zealand and Californian honey bee stocks. Amer Bee J,115(6): 228~229 [26] Pedersen K. 1974. Chalkbrood: determination of fungus, fungicides and mycelium growth in vitro and possible curation of bee colonies. In: From Beekeeping in Cold Climatic Zones. Bucharest, Romania: Apimodia Publishing House. 73~75 [27] Prokschl H. 1953. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Entwicklungsgeschichte von Pericystis apis Maassen. Arch Mikrobiol,18: 198~209 [28] Roussy L. 1962. Nouvelle contribution l' etude du Pericystis apis.Gaz Apic,63: 101~105 [29] Spivak M, Gilliam M. 1993.Facultative expression of hygienic behavior of honey bees in relation to disease resistance. J Apic Res, 32(3/4): 147~157 [30] Taber S. 1986. Breeding bees for resistance to chalkbrood disease.Amer Bee J,126:823~825 [31] Taber S and Gilliarn M. 1987. Test for resistance to chalkbrood disease of honey bees. In: The XXXIst International Apicultural Congress, Warsaw, Poland. [32] White Jr JW. 1962. Composition of American honeys. Tech. US Dep Agric, No. 1261 [33] Xia P-K(夏平开)1993. Beekeeping and Honeybee Product Processing. Wulumuqi:Xinjiang Science and Technology and Hygienic Press. 172~176(in Chinese) [34] Yu D-B(俞大绂),Li J-L(李季伦).1985. Microbiology(2nd ed.).Beijing: Science Press. 459~483(in Chinese) [35] Zhou D-Q(周德庆).1983. Handbook of Experimental Microbiology. Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press. 57~59(in Chinese) |