Abstract: Taking high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil water content on the wheat photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and allocation. Six treatments were installed, i.e., W₁(soil relative water content was 65% at jointing stage and was 70% at anthesis), DW₁(soil relative water content was 65% 10 d after jointing and was 70% at anthesis), W₂(soil relative water content was 75% at jointing and was 70% at anthesis), DW₂ (soil relative water content was 75% 10 d after jointing and was 70% at anthesis), W₃(soil relative water content was 80% at jointing stage and was 70% at anthesis), and DW₃(soil relative water content was 80% 10 d after jointing and was 70% at anthesis).In treatments W₂ and DW₂, the flag leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n) and Ф_PSⅡ at late filling stage were higher than those in treatments W₃ and DW₃, respectively, the dry matter accumulation amount at anthesis and maturity stage and the allocation of accumulated dry matter at pre-anthesis to grain were significantly higher than those in treatments W₁ and DW₁, and the water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation production efficiency (IPE) were significantly higher than those in W₃ and DW₃. Under the same irrigation levels, the flag leaf P_n and Ф_PSⅡat late filling stage were higher in treatments DW₂ and DW₃ than in W₂and W₃, respectively, and the dry matter accumulation amount at anthesis and its allocation to grain were lower whereas the dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis, the grain yield, WUE, and IPE were higher in DW₂ and DW₃ than in W₂ and W₃. Under our experimental condition, DW₂ could be the optimal irrigation pattern of high-yielding with high WUE.