旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 2609-2614.

旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响

王红丽1,2,张绪成2,3,4,宋尚有2**,马一凡2,于显枫2,柳燕兰2

1甘肃农业大学农学院，兰州 730070；2甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所，兰州 730070；3中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；4中国农业大学资源环境学院，北京 100193

出版日期:2011-10-18 发布日期:2011-10-18

Effects of whole field-surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow on soil temperature, soil moisture, and corn yield in arid area of Gansu Province, Northwest China.

WANG Hong-li1,2, ZHANG Xu-cheng2,3,4, SONG Shang-you2, MA Yi-fan2, YU Xian-feng2, LIU Yan-lan2

1College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;3State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;4College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Online:2011-10-18 Published:2011-10-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以春玉米品种沈单16号为试验材料，研究半干旱区（年均降雨量415 mm）旱地不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对玉米产量的影响.结果表明：与裸地平作（CK）相比，全膜双垄沟播（PMF）、全沙覆盖平作（SM）在玉米抽雄前均能提高0～25 cm土层平均地温，其中PMF增温最高；随种植年限增加，各处理对土壤水分的耗散深度增加，种植第1年对20～120 cm土层的水分耗散最多，种植第2年对120～200 cm土层的水分耗散最多，其中PMF耗水量最高.PMF的穗粒数、穗粒重和百粒重最高，SM次之，CK最低；与SM和CK相比，2009和2010年PMF平均穗粒数分别增加13.5%和114.2%，平均穗粒重分别增加29.8%和321.1%，平均百粒重分别增加14.4%和95.4%；PMF和SM的产量分别比CK高333.1%和240.2%，水分利用效率（WUE）分别提高290.6%和227.6%.PMF玉米连续种植两年后，120～200 cm土层土壤水分消耗达72 mm，显著高于SM（45 mm）和CK(40 mm).由于PMF能提高苗期-抽雄期地温，促进作物前期生长，提高玉米对土壤水的利用，从而使穗粒数、百粒重等增加，表现出较高的产量和水分利用效率，但该模式对1 m以下土壤水分消耗较多，对保持水分年际平衡不利.

Abstract: Taking spring corn (Zea mays) cultivar Shendan 16 as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of the treatments whole-field surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow (PMF), whole-field surface sand mulching and flat planting (SM), and uncovered and flat planting (CK) on the soil temperature, soil moisture, and corn yield on the dry land of arid area (annual average precipitation 415 mm) in middle Gansu Province. Comparing with CK, treatments PMF and SM increased the average temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer before tasselling stage, with the highest increment in treatment PMF. As for the soil water consumption, its depth in the three treatments increased with increasing years of planting. In the first year of planting, the soil water consumption was the most in 20-120 cm soil layer; whereas in the second year, the consumption was the most in 120-200 cm soil layer, with the soil water loss being the highest in treatment PMF. Treatment PMF had the highest grain number, grain weight per spike, and 100-grain weight, followed by treatment SM, and CK. In 2009 and 2010, the average grain number, average grain weight per spike, and average 100-grain weight in treatment PMF were increased by 13.5% and 114.2%, 29.8% and 321.1%, and 14.4% and 95.4% respectively, as compared to treatments SM and CK, and the grain yield and water use efficiency in treatments PMF and SM were increased by 333.1% and 240.2%, and 290.6% and 227.6%, respectively, as compared to CK. After two years continuous cropping of corn, the soil water loss in 120-200 cm soil layer in treatment PMF was up to 72 mm, being significantly higher than that in treatments SM (45 mm) and CK (40 mm). It was suggested that PMF could increase the soil temperature at seedling-tasselling stage, promote the corn growth in its early growth period, improve the soil water use by corn, and consequently, increase the grain number per spike and 100-grain weight, manifesting a good effect in improving corn yield and water use efficiency. However, PMF also induced more soil water consumption in 100-200 cm soil layer, which was not beneficial to the water balance through years.

王红丽,张绪成,宋尚有,马一凡,于显枫,柳燕兰. 旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(10): 2609-2614.