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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1580-1588.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201905.026

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长白山寒温带风灾区植被受损与灾后变化程度及其影响因素

王慧赟, 张英洁, 靳英华*, 许嘉巍, 陶岩, 贺红士, 高翔, 白云玉, 胡睿, 韩莹莹   

  1. 东北师范大学地理科学学院, 长春 130024
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-24 修回日期:2018-12-24 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-15
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: jinyh796@nenu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王慧赟,女,1994年生,硕士研究生.主要从事自然地理学研究.E-mail: wangh0744@nenu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41571078,41171072)、长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室和吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目

Vegetation damage, post-disaster change degree and driving factors in the cold temperate wind disaster area of Changbai Mountain, China.

WANG Hui-yun, ZHANG Ying-jie, JIN Ying-hua*, XU Jia-wei, TAO Yan, HE Hong-shi, GAO Xiang, BAI Yun-yu, HU Rui, HAN Ying-ying   

  1. Schlool of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
  • Received:2018-12-24 Revised:2018-12-24 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-15
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571078, 41171072), the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains and the Foundation of the Education Department of Jilin Province in the 13th Five-Year Project (JJKH20170916KJ).

摘要: 1986年台风袭击了长白山,在西、南坡的寒温带针叶林和岳桦林带形成了大量林窗.为了探究在强风干扰下寒温带森林植被受损和变化特征,揭示植被受损与灾后变化规律及其影响因子,2017年在长白山海拔1600~1800 m设立研究区.利用遥感资料,对研究区依据植被破坏程度和灾后变化程度进行植被差异分区,并布设了40个样方进行植被调查.结果表明: 按森林结构的受损程度可将长白山寒温带风灾区分为3个等级,轻度破坏、中度破坏和重度破坏,其中,中度破坏区的面积最大,其次是轻度破坏区、重度破坏区.乔木受损差异显著,轻度破坏区、中度破坏区和重度破坏区乔木优势种的数量分别减少20%、50%和85%,岳桦的抗风性大于鱼鳞云杉,大径级岳桦的抗风性大于小径级的岳桦.植被受损程度与坡度的相关性最强,随着坡度的增加,受风灾破坏程度减小.1987—2017年间,长白山寒温带风灾区的植被发生明显变化,根据变化的程度可将研究区分为3个等级:变化快、变化中等和变化慢,其中,变化中等的区域面积最大,其次是变化慢、变化快的区域;植被变化程度与海拔的相关性最强,随着海拔的增加,植被变化变慢.乔木的恢复较慢,鱼鳞云杉略好于岳桦;植被变化主要表现在灌木层和草本层,变化快的区域灌木层发育好于草本层;变化中等的区域草本层发育好于灌木层;变化慢的区域灌木层发育差异大,但草本层总体上表现为低矮稠密.

Abstract: The typhoon outbreaks of 1986 caused many gaps in the cold temperate coniferous forest and Betula errmanii forest on the western and southern slopes in the Changbai Mountain. In 2017, a research area at the 1600-1800 m altitude in Changbai Mountain was established to explore the damage and changes of forest vegetation disturbed by the typhoon in cold temperate zone and to reveal the regulation of damage on vegetation and post-disaster change as well as the driving factors. The remote sensing data were used to classify research area based on the degree of vegetation damage and post-disaster change. A total of 40 plots were set up for vegetation survey. According to the damage degree of forest structure, three levels of severity of damage to vegetation in the cold temperate zone of Changbai Mountain were classified including gently, moderately, and severely damaged, in which moderately damaged area was largest, followed by gently damaged area and severely damaged area. Tree damage significantly differed among three level areas, with 20%, 50% and 85% reduction of the abundance of dominant trees in gently, moderately and severely damaged areas, respectively. The wind resistance ability of B. errmanii was higher than that of Picea jezoensis. The wind resistance ability of B. errmanii with larger diameter grade was higher than that of those with smaller diameter grade. The severity of damage to vegetation was strongly correlated with slope, with lower severity on the steeper slop area. From 1987 to 2017, the vegetation of wind disaster area significantly changed. The study area could be classified into three levels based on the degree of changing: fast, medium, and slow, with largest area in medium changed, followed by slowly and fast changed. The degree of vegetation changes was strongly correlated with altitude, with slower change at higher altitude area. The recovery rate of trees was slow, with P. jezoensis recovering slightly quicker than B. errmanii. The vegetation change mainly occurred in shrub and herb layers. Shrub layer recovered better than the herb layer in the fast changed area, while herb layer recovered better than the shrub layer in the medium changed area. In the slowly changed area, herb layer was generally low and dense with varying shrub layer.