稻草还田对水稻土固氮基因(nifH)组成结构和多样性的影响

应用生态学报

稻草还田对水稻土固氮基因(nifH)组成结构和多样性的影响

张苗苗^1,2,3,刘毅^1,2,盛荣^1,2,秦红灵^1,2,伍延正^1,2,3,魏文学^1,2**

(¹中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室，长沙 410125； ^2中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站，长沙 410125； ^3中国科学院大学，北京 100049)

出版日期:2013-08-18 发布日期:2013-08-18

Effects of rice straw returning on the community structure and diversity of nitrogen-fixing gene (nifH) in paddy soil.

ZHANG Miao-miao^1,2,3, LIU Yi^1,2, SHENG Rong^1,2, QIN Hong-ling^1,2, WU Yan-zheng^1,2,3, WEI Wen-xue^1,2

(¹Key Laboratory of Agroecology Process in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; ²Taoyuan Station of Agroecology Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; ^3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Online:2013-08-18 Published:2013-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站长期定位施肥试验为平台，选取稻草还田(C)、氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷钾加稻草还田(NPK+C)和不施肥对照(CK)4个处理，在晚稻的分蘖期、孕穗期和成熟期分别采集土样，利用实时定量PCR(Q-PCR)和末端限制性片段多态性(T-RFLP)等分子生物学方法研究长期稻草还田对水稻土含nifH基因固氮微生物群落丰度、组成和多样性的影响.结果表明：与对照相比，稻草还田和单施化肥处理均显著增加nifH基因的丰度(分蘖期除外)，NPK+C处理中含nifH基因的微生物数量最高；nifH基因组成也受到长期施肥的影响，其中CK处理nifH基因组成与各施肥处理明显不同，C与NPK处理间nifH基因组成存在一定差异，而NPK与NPK+C处理间无显著差异.长期施肥不会引起含nifH基因微生物群落多样性的显著改变.可见，稻草还田不仅引起nifH基因群落的组成发生变化，而且导致其数量显著增加，因而可增加土壤的固氮能力.

Abstract: Taking a long-term fertilization experiment in Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station under Chinese Academy of Sciences as the platform, and selecting four treatments (no fertilization, CK; rice straw returning, C; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization, NPK; and NPK+C) as the objects, soil samples were collected at the tillering, booting and maturing stages of rice, and the abundance, composition and diversity of nifHcontaining bacterial community were measured by realtime quantitative PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), aimed to understand the effects of rice straw returning on the nifHcontaining bacterial community in paddy soil. Compared with CK, treatments NPK+C and NPK increased the abundance of nifHcontaining microorganisms significantly (except at tillering stage), and NPK+C had the highest abundance of nifHcontaining microorganisms. Under the effects of longterm fertilization, the composition of nifH gene community in CK differed obviously from that in the other three treatments. The nifH composition had definite difference between C and NPK, but less difference between NPK and NPK+C. Longterm fertilization did not induce significant changes in nifH diversity. Therefore, longterm rice straw returning not only induced the changes of nifH gene community composition, but also resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of nifHcontaining community, and hence, the increase of soil nitrogen fixing capacity.

张苗苗1,2,3,刘毅1,2,盛荣1,2,秦红灵1,2,伍延正1,2,3,魏文学1,2**. 稻草还田对水稻土固氮基因(nifH)组成结构和多样性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

ZHANG Miao-miao1,2,3, LIU Yi1,2, SHENG Rong1,2, QIN Hong-ling1,2, WU Yan-zheng1,2,3, WEI Wen-xue1,2. Effects of rice straw returning on the community structure and diversity of nitrogen-fixing gene (nifH) in paddy soil.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.