洞庭湖流域人类活动净磷输入及其空间分布

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201907.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究基于人类活动净磷输入模型(NAPI)估算了1985、1995、2005和2015年洞庭湖流域及其子流域磷元素的输入特征,并分析其时空分布及变化趋势.结果表明: 过去30年洞庭湖流域NAPI呈现先升高后降低的趋势,1985、1995、2005、2015年流域NAPI分别为7.00、9.20、10.33、10.01 kg·hm^-2·a^-1.从磷的组成来年,1985年最大的输入源为食品/饲料净输入,1995—2015年NAPI最大输入源为磷肥施用.磷肥输入年均值为6.01 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,占NAPI年均值的65.8%;其次是食品/饲料磷净输入,年均值为2.65 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,占比为29.0%;非食品磷输入年均值为0.47 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,占比为5.2%.从空间分布上,洞庭湖流域的较高的NAPI主要分布在东北部,与该区域农业的相对集中分布有关.从子流域NAPI组成上,洞庭湖子流域的NAPI总体均呈现逐年上升的趋势,各流域年均NAPI强度从高到低依次为:洞庭湖环湖区>湘江下游>资江上游>湘江上游>澧水>沅江上游>沅江下游>资江下游.洞庭湖环湖区是子流域中NAPI最高的区域,1985年NAPI为13.01 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,2015年上升至24.14 kg·hm^-2·a^-1.农业生产和人口增长是导致当前人类活动净磷输入的主要原因,其带来的负面生态效应是不容忽视的.

Abstract: Based on the net anthropogenic phosphorus input (NAPI) model, we estimated the NAPI of the Dongting Lake basin and its sub-basins from 1985 to 2015, and analyzed the spatio-temporal distributions and variations. The results showed that there was an increasing trend at first and then a decrease in the Dongting Lake basin. The NAPI values in the area in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015 were 7.00, 9.20, 10.33, 10.01 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. The largest input source changed from the net food and feed import in 1985 to phosphorus fertilizer during 1995-2015. The mean annual input of phosphorus fertilizer, with an average value of 6.01 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 accounting for 65.8% of NAPI; followed by the food and feed import, the annual average value was 2.65 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, accounting for 29.0%, and the least was non-food phosphorus, with an average annual value of 0.47 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, accounting for 5.2%. Spatially, the distribution of NAPI in the Dongting Lake basin showed the characteristics of high in the northeast region and low in the west, which was mainly consistent with distribution of local agriculture. The average annual NAPI values in sub-basin from high to low ranked as following: Dongting Lake area, Xiangjiang River downstream, Zijiang River upstream, Xiangjiang River upstream, Lishui River area, Yuanjiang River upstream, Yuanjiang River downstream and Zijiang River downstream. The highest NAPI was found in the Dongting Lake area, increasing from 13.01 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 in 1985 to 24.14 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 in 2015. Agricultural production and population growth were the main contributors to the current input of net phosphorus, and the negative ecological effects of which could not be ignored.

刘艳萍, 肖雅倩, 张颖. 洞庭湖流域人类活动净磷输入及其空间分布[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(7): 2404-2414.

LIU Yan-ping, XIAO Ya-qian, ZHANG Ying. Spatial dstribution of the net anthropogenic phosphorus input (NAPI) to the Dongting Lake basin, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(7): 2404-2414.

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