Abstract: By using nonlinear measurement error method, the compatible tree volume and above-ground biomass equations were established based on the volume and biomass data of 150 sampling trees of natural spruce (Picea asperata). Two approaches, controlling directly under total aboveground biomass and controlling jointly from level to level, were used to design the compatible system for the total aboveground biomass and the biomass of four components (stem, bark, branch and foliage), and the total-ground biomass could be estimated independently or estimated simultaneously in the system. The results showed that the R² of the one-variable and bivariate compatible tree volume and aboveground biomass equations were all above 0.85, and the maximum value reached 0.99. The prediction effect of the volume equations could be improved significantly when tree height was included as predictor, while it was not significant in biomass estimation. For the compatible biomass systems, the one-variable model based on controlling jointly from level to level was better than the model using controlling directly under total above-ground biomass, but the bivariate models of the two methods were similar. Comparing the imitative effects of the one-variable and bivariate compatible biomass models, the results showed that the increase of explainable variables could significantly improve the fitness of branch and foliage biomass, but had little effect on other components. Besides, there was almost no difference between the two methods of estimation based on the comparison.