Surface water change characteristics of Taihu Lake from 1984-2018 based on Google Earth Engine

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.011

Abstract

Abstract: Lakes are important fresh water resources. Accurate understanding of lake dynamic changes benefits the sustainable development of water resources and socio-economic development. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE), we analyzed the dynamics of Taihu Lake from 1984 to 2018 by adopting the dataset of Joint Research Centre’s Global Surface Water and Landsat imagery. The modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was used to explore the changes in the area of Taihu Lake in recent 35 years. The results showed that the area of Taihu Lake increased during 1984-2018, with a total increase of 45.31 km². The area in spring and winter was larger than that in summer. Eastern Taihu Lake was the main part of Taihu Lake showing area change. Compared with 1984, 88.9% of the water area of Taihu Lake in 2018 did not change, and 0.3% of the water area disappeared permanently. Lake area changes were affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Agricultural irrigation, fish farming, reclamation of surrounding lakes, water conservancy engineering facilities, and the transformation of land-use types caused the reduction in lake area. Increased annual precipitation and the implementation of environmental protection policies were the main factors for the increases in lake area. The results provide reference for effective sustainable water resource management and verify the feasibility of monitoring long-term surface water change based on the GEE platform.

Key words: dynamic change of surface water, Taihu Lake, Google Earth Engine, modified normali-zed difference water index (MNDWI), long time series

LIU Yao-yi, TIAN Tian, ZENG Peng, ZHANG Xin-yu, CHE Yue. Surface water change characteristics of Taihu Lake from 1984-2018 based on Google Earth Engine[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(9): 3163-3172.

References

[1] Ma R, Yang G, Duan H, et al. China’s lakes at pre-sent: Number, area and spatial distribution. Science China-Earth Sciences, 2011, 54: 283-289
[2] 杨英宝, 江南, 殷立琼, 等. 东太湖湖泊面积及网围养殖动态变化的遥感监测. 湖泊科学, 2005, 17(2): 133-138 [Yang Y-B, Jiang N, Yin L-Q, et al. RS-based dynamic monitoring of lake aea and enelosure cultuer in East Taihu Lake. Journal of Lake Science, 2005, 17(2): 133-138]
[3] Shang SP, Shang S. Simplified lake surface area method for the minimum ecological water level of lakes and wetlands. Water, 2018, 10: 1056
[4] Li M, Zhang Q, Li Y, et al. Inter-annual variations of Poyang Lake area during dry seasons: Characteristics and implications. Hydrology Research, 2016, 47: 40-50
[5] Du Y, Xue HP, Wu SJ, et al. Lake area changes in the middle Yangtze region of China over the 20th century. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92: 1248-1255
[6] McFeeters SK. The use of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1996, 17: 1425-1432
[7] Xu H. Modification of normalized difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. International Journal of Remote Sen-sing, 2007, 27: 3025-3033
[8] Feyisa GL, Meilby H, Fensholt R, et al. Automated Water Extraction Index: A new technique for surface water mapping using Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2014, 140: 23-35
[9] Mueller N, Lewis A, Roberts D, et al. Water observations from space: Mapping surface water from 25 years of Landsat imagery across Australia. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2016, 174: 341-352
[10] 李志刚, 李小玉, 高宾, 等. 基于遥感分析的锦州湾海域填海造地变化. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(4): 943-949 [Li Z-G, Li X-Y, Gao B, et al. Temporal changes of shoal reclamation in Jinzhou Bay sea area based on remote sensing analysis. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(4): 943-949]
[11] 王启为, 宫兆宁, 关鸿亮, 等. 异质背景下黄河三角洲潮沟的遥感提取方法. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(9): 3097-3107 [Wang Q-W, Gong Z-N, Guan H-L, et al. Extracting method of tidal creek features under heterogeneous background at Yellow River Delta using remotely sensed imagery. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(9): 3097-3107]
[12] 张克祥. MODIS监测长江中下游典型湖泊面积变化研究. 硕士论文. 上海: 东华理工大学, 2015 [Zhang K-X. Monitoring Area Changes of Important Lakes across The Yangtze Basin Downstream of Three Gorges Dam by MODIS Data. Master Thesis. Shanghai: East China Institute of Technology, 2015]
[13] 李磊, 李艳红, 陈成贺日, 等. 1972—2011年期间艾比湖面积变化研究. 湿地科学, 2014, 12(2): 263-267 [Li L, Li Y-H, Chen C-H-R, et al. Change of Ebinur Lake Area during 1972-2011. Wetland Science, 2014, 12(2): 263-267]
[14] 朱青, 国佳欣, 郭熙, 等. 鄱阳湖区生态环境质量的空间分异特征及其影响因素. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(12): 4108-4116 [Zhu Q, Guo J-X, Guo X, et al. Spatial variation of ecological environment quality and its influencing factors in Poyang Lake area, Jiangxi, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(12): 4108-4116]
[15] Huang S, Li J, Xu M. Water surface variations monitoring and flood hazard analysis in Dongting Lake area using long-term Terra/MODIS data time series. Natural Hazards, 2012, 62: 93-100
[16] Gorelick N, Hancher M, Dixon M, et al. Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, 202: 18-27
[17] Hansen MC, Potapov PV, Moore R, et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science, 2013, 342: 850-853
[18] Pekel JF, Cottam A, Gorelick N, et al. High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 2016, 540: 418-422
[19] 王大钊, 王思梦, 黄昌. Sentinel-2和Landsat8影像的四种常用水体指数地表水体提取对比.国土资源遥感, 2019, 31(3): 157-165 [Wang D-Z, Wang S-M, Huang C. Comparison of Sentinel-2 imagery with Landsat 8 imagery for surface water extraction using four common water indexes. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2019, 31(3): 157-165]
[20] Bai J, Chen X, Li J, et al. Changes in the area of inland lakes in arid regions of central Asia during the past 30 years. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011, 178: 247-256
[21] 李兴华, 韩芳, 张存厚, 等. 气候变化对内蒙古中东部沙地-湿地镶嵌景观的影响. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(1): 105-112 [Li X-H, Han F, Zhang C-H, et al. Influence of climate change on mosaic landscape of sand land-wetland in middle-east Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(1): 105-112]
[22] Yi GH, Zhang TB. Delayed response of lake area change to climate change in Siling Co Lake, Tibetan Plateau, from 2003 to 2013. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015, 12: 13886-13900
[23] 吴浩云, 王银堂, 胡庆芳, 等. 太湖流域61年来降水时空演变规律分析. 水文, 2013, 33(2): 75-81 [Wu H-Y, Wang Y-T, Hu Q-F, et al. Tempo-spatial change of precipitation in Taihu Lake Basin during recent 61 years. Journal of China Hydrology, 2013, 33(2): 75-81]
[24] Liu HJ, Chen YN, Ye ZX, et al. Recent lake area changes in Central Asia. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9: 16277
[25] 范亚民, 李海宇, 何华春, 等. 近30年来太湖围湖利用及东太湖网围养殖动态变化研究. 长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(suppl.2): 121-126 [Fan Y-M, Li H-N, He H-C, et al. Dynamic monitoring of lake reclamation in the Taihu lake and lake enclosure culture of the east Taihu lake in recent 30 years. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21(suppl.2): 121-126]
[26] 杨清心, 李文朝. 高密度网围养鱼对水生植被的影响及生态对策探讨. 应用生态学报, 1996, 7(1): 83-88 [Yang Q-X, Li W-C. Effect of intensive pen fish farming on aquatic vegetation and its ecological strategy. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1996, 7 (1): 83-88]
[27] 李新国, 江南, 杨英宝, 等.太湖围湖利用与网围养殖的遥感调查与研究. 海洋湖沼通报, 2006(1): 93-99 [Li X-G, Jiang N, Yang Y-B, et al. Remote sensing investigation and survey of lake reclamation and enclosure aquaculture in lake Taihu. Transactions of Oceano-logy and Limnology, 2006(1): 93-99]
[28] 李新国, 江南, 朱晓华, 等. 近三十年来太湖流域主要湖泊的水域变化研究. 海洋湖沼通报, 2006(4): 17-24 [Li X-G, Jiang N, Zhu X-H, et al. Study on lake surface area change of major lakes in the Taihu basin during the past 30 years. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2006(4): 17-24]
[29] 杨桂山, 马荣华, 张路, 等. 中国湖泊现状及面临的重大问题与保护策略.湖泊科学, 2010, 22(6): 799-810 [Yang G-S, Ma R-H, Zhang L, et al. Lake status major problems and protection strategy in China. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2010, 22(6): 799-810]
[30] 戴锦明, 叶磊. 苏州东太湖综合整治工程情况及综合效益分析. 江苏水利, 2015(1): 3-4 [Dai J-M, Ye L. Analysis on the situation and comprehensive benefit of the comprehensive regulation project of East Taihu Lake in Suzhou. Jiangsu Water Resources, 2015(1): 3-4]
[31] 新华社. 江苏太湖4.5万亩围网养殖设施已全部拆除 [EB/OL]. (2019-07-27) [2020-03-20]. http://szb. farmer.com.cn/2019/201907727/20190727_007/2019-0727_007_3.htm [Xinhua News Agency. The 300 Square Kilometer Purse Seine Farming Facilities in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu Have Been Completely Dismantled [EB/OL] (2019-07-27) [2020-03-20]. http://szb.farmer.com.cn/2019/201907727/20190727_007/2019-0727_007_3.htm]
[32] 苏州高新区党政办公室. 保护好苏州西部的好山好水, 高新区太湖退圩还湖实施方案获审查通过 [EB/OL]. (2013-10-29)[2020-03-20]. http://www.snd.gov.cn/snd/xwzx/20131029/a9994f9f-0e21-4391-b26c86-f8aa3f83b8. html [Suzhou High-tech Zone Party and Government Office. To Protect the Good Mountains and Water in the West of Suzhou, the Implementation Plan of Taihu Lake’s Return to the Polder and the Lake was Reviewed and Passed [EB/OL]. (2013-10-29) [2020-03-20]. http://www.snd.gov.cn/snd/xwzx/20131029/a9994f9f-0e21-4391-b26c86f8aa3f83b8.html]
[33] Liu H, Yin Y, Piao S, et al. Disappearing lakes in semiarid Northern China: Drivers and environmental impact. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47: 12107-12114
[34] Xia H, Zhao J, Qin Y, et al. Changes in water surface area during 1989-2017 in the Huai River Basin using Landsat Data and Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11: 1824
[35] Tulbure MG, Broich M, Stehman SV, et al. Surface water extent dynamics from three decades of seasonally continuous Landsat time series at subcontinental scale in a semi-arid region. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2016, 178: 142-157
[36] 殷立琼, 江南, 杨英宝. 基于遥感技术的太湖近15年面积动态变化. 湖泊科学, 2005, 17(2): 139-142 [Yin L-Q, Jiang N, Yang Y-B. Dynamic change of lake Taihu area during the past 15 years based on remote sensing technique. Journal of Lake Science, 2005, 17(2): 139-142]