Effects of reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application and combined organic fertilizer on soil nematode community in winter wheat field.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.036

Abstract

Abstract: Soil nematodes are one of the typical indicator organisms for soil health. To reveal the effects of reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application on soil health, we examined community structure of soil nematode under reduced nitrogen fertilizer while combined with organic fertilizer at the jointing stage of winter wheat. There were six fertilization treatments, including CF(315 kg N·hm^-2, conventional fertilization), N₂₄₀ (240 kg N·hm^-2), N₂₁₀ (210 kg N·hm^-2)、N₁₈₀ (180 kg N·hm^-2), F₁₅₀ (180 kg N·hm^-2+150 kg·hm^-2 fulvic acid), and F₂₂₅(180 kg N·hm^-2+225 kg·hm^-2 fulvic acid). The results showed that: 1) The reduction of nitrogen fertilization decreased nematode number by 15.3%-68.5%. 2) Protorhabditis was the dominant genus (19.6%-50.4%) across all treatments. The reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application increased the abundance of fungivores, herbivores, and predators-omnivores, while that of bacterivores decreased first and then increased. Combined application of organic fertilizer decreased the abundance of bacterivores and fungivores, while increased that of herbivores and predators-omnivores. 3) N₂₄₀ and F₂₂₅ increased the Shannon diversity (H) of nematode community by 48.1% and 58.5%, respectively. The maturity index (MI) in N₂₄₀ was the highest (1.95), while the structural index (SI) was the lowest in N₁₈₀ (43.33). The structural index (SI) of F₂₂₅ with combined application of organic fertilizer reached 62.72, but its enrichment index (EI) was lowest (80.82). In conclusion, reduced nitrogen fertilizer application and combined with organic fertilizer could improve soil nematode diversity, increase the complexity of soil food web, which would be conducive to the health and stability of agricultural ecosystem.

Key words: fertilizer application reduction, soil health, soil nematode, grey desert soil

ZHAO Yi, YANG Bei-bei, ZHU Xin-ping, CHEN Shu-huang, CHEN Xiao-yun, JIA Hong-tao. Effects of reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application and combined organic fertilizer on soil nematode community in winter wheat field.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(4): 1433-1440.

References

[1] 张北赢, 陈天林, 王兵. 长期施用化肥对土壤质量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(11):182-187 [Zhang B-Y, Chen T-L, Wang B. Effects of long-term uses of chemical fertilizers on soil quality. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(11): 182-187]
[2] 朱永官, 彭静静, 韦中, 等. 土壤微生物组与土壤健康. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2020, 50(1): 1-11 [Zhu Y-G, Peng J-J, Wei Z, et al. Linking the soil microbiome to soil health (in Chinese). Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 2020, 50(1): 1-11]
[3] 张薇, 宋玉芳, 孙铁珩, 等. 土壤线虫对环境污染的指示作用. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1973-1978 [Zhang W, Song Y-F, Sun T-H, et al. Soil nematode as a bioindicator of environment pollution. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(10): 1973-1978]
[4] Bongers T, Ferris H. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1999, 14: 224-228
[5] Ritz K, Trudgill DL. Utility of nematode community analysis as an integrated measure of the functional state of soils: Perspectives and challenges. Plant and Soil, 1999, 212: 1-11
[6] Okada H, Harada H. Effects of tillage and fertilizer on nematode communities in a Japanese soybean field. Applied Soil Ecology, 2007, 35: 582-598
[7] Hu C, Qi YC. Effect of compost and chemical fertilizer on soil nematode community in a Chinese maize field. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2010, 46: 230-236
[8] Wang X, Zhao J, Fu S, et al. Soil nematode assemblages in an acid soil as affected by lime application. Nematology, 2015, 17: 179-191
[9] 张微, 刘满强, 何园球, 等. 长期施用不同无机肥对旱地红壤线虫群落的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(8): 2361-2368 [Zhang W, Liu M-Q, He Y-Q, et al. Responses of soil nematode communities to long-term application of inorganic fertilizers in upland red soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(8): 2361-2368]
[10] 江春, 黄菁华, 李修强, 等. 长期施用有机肥对红壤旱地土壤线虫群落的影响. 土壤学报, 2011, 48(6): 1235-1241 [Jiang C, Huang J-H, Li X-Q, et al. Responses of soil nematode community to long-term application of organic manure in upland red soil. Acta Pedo-logica Sincia, 2011, 48(6): 1235-1241]
[11] Zhao J, Neher DA. Soil nematode genera that predict specific types of disturbance. Applied Soil Ecology, 2013, 64: 135-141
[12] Ye YY, Rui YC, Zeng ZX, et al. Responses of soil nematode community to monoculture or mixed culture of a grass and a legume forage species in China. Pedosphere, 2020, 30: 791-800
[13] Liu T, Chen XY, Hu F, et al. Carbon-rich organic fertilizers to increase soil biodiversity: Evidence from a meta-analysis of nematode communities. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 232: 199-207
[14] 李孟洁. 小麦-玉米轮作体系中长期施肥对土壤线虫群落结构的影响. 硕士论文. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2018 [Li M-J. Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Nema-tode Community Structure in Wheat-Maize Rotation System. Master Thesis. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University]
[15] 叶成龙, 刘婷, 张运龙, 等. 麦地土壤线虫群落结构对有机肥和秸秆还田的响应. 土壤学报, 2013, 50(5): 997-1005 [Ye C-L, Liu T, Zhang Y-L, et al. Response of soil nematode community to application of organic mature and incorporation of straw in wheat field. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(5): 997-1005]
[16] 刘婷, 叶成龙, 李勇, 等. 不同有机类肥料对小麦和水稻根际土壤线虫的影响. 生态学报, 2015, 35(19): 6259-6268 [Liu T, Ye C-L, Li Y, et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on soil nematodes in the rhizosphere of rice and wheat cropland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(19): 6259-6268]
[17] 曹雪松, 杨亚鹏, 杨华, 等. 新疆苜蓿根际寄生线虫种类研究. 新疆农业科学, 2016, 53(7): 1276-1280 [Cao X-S, Yang Y-P, Yang H, et al. Preliminary report of alfalfa rhizosphere parasitic nematodes species in Xinjiang. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 53(7): 1276-1280]
[18] 李克梅, 董艳秋, 曹雪松, 等. 新疆设施蔬菜根结线虫病发生调查及病原鉴定. 植物保护, 2015, 41(6): 191-194, 204 [Li K-M, Dong Y-Q, Cao X-S, et al. Occurrence and identification of rot-knot nematode on greenhouse vegetables in Xinjiang. Plan Protection, 2015, 41(6): 191-194, 204]
[19] 董艳秋. 新疆设施蔬菜根结线虫种群组成及防治技术研究. 硕士论文. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2015 [Dong Y-Q. Research of the Populations Composition and Controlling Technologies on Root Knot Nematode in Pretected Vegetable in Xinjiang. Master Thesis. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2015]
[20] 李克梅, 日孜旺古丽, 董艳秋. 新疆大豆孢囊线虫病的初步研究. 植物保护, 2014, 40(2): 132-134 [Li K-M, Riziwangguli, Dong Y-Q. A preliminary study on the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Plan Protection, 2014, 40(2): 132-134]
[21] 陈宝成, 周华敏, 梁海, 等. 黄腐酸复合肥对盐碱地小麦生长、产量、效益及土壤理化性质的影响. 腐植酸, 2019(3): 19-24 [Chen B-C, Zhou H-M, Liang H, et al. Effects of fulvic acid compound fertilizer on growth, yield, benefit of wheat and soil physicochemical properties in saline-alkali soil. Humic Acid, 2019(3): 19-24]
[22] 芦大伟, 李青军, 陈署晃, 等. 黄腐酸与氮肥配施对滴灌玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(10): 1888-1894 [Lu D-W, Li Q-J, Chen S-H, et al. Effect of combined application of fulvic acid and urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of drip irrigation maize. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(10): 1888-1894]
[23] 李思平, 丁效东, 曾路生, 等. 秸秆还田与化肥减施对水稻生长指标及光合参数的影响. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(2): 208-215 [Li S-P, Ding X-D, Zeng L-S, et al. Effects of straw returning and chemical fertilizer reduction on growth index and photosynthetic parameters of rice. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(2): 208-215]
[24] 高原, 郭晓青, 李福德, 等. 基施黄腐酸肥料情况下减施化肥提高设施辣椒产量和品质. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3): 594-602 [Gao Y, Guo X-Q, Li F-D, et al. Improvement of yield and quality of greenhouse-grown pepper through basal application of fulvic acid fertilizer under chemical fertilizer reduction. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(3): 594-602]
[25] 刘佳欢, 王倩, 罗人杰, 等. 黄腐酸肥料对小麦根际土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响. 植物营养与肥料, 2020, 25(1): 1808-1816 [Liu J-H, Wang Q, Luo R-J, et al. Effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on micro-bial diversity and enzyme activity in wheat rhizosphere soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 25(1): 1808-1816]
[26] Spaull VW, Braithwaite JMC. A comparison of methods for extracting nematodes from soil and roots of sugarcane. Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists’ Association, 1979, 53: 103-107
[27] Barker KR, Nusbaum CJ, Nelson LA. Seasonal population dynamics of selected plant-parasitic nematodes as measured by three extraction procedures. Journal of Nematology, 1969, 1: 232-239
[28] 尹文英, 胡圣豪, 沈韫芬, 等. 中国土壤动物检索图鉴. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998: 51-89 [Yin W-Y, Hu S-H, Shen Y-F, et al. Pictorial Keys to Soil Animals of China. Beijing: Science Press, 1998: 51-89]
[29] Bongers AMT. The Nematodes of the Netherlands. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Agricultural University, 1988
[30] Yeates GW, Bongers T, De Goede RG, et al. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera: An outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 1993, 25: 315-331
[31] Gupta VVSR, Yeates GW. Soil Microfauna as Bioindicators of Soil Health. New York: CAB International, 1997: 201-233
[32] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005 [Bao S-D. Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005]
[33] Bongers T, Bongers M. Functional diversity of nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology, 1998, 10: 239-251
[34] Ferris H, Bongers T, Goede RGMD. A framework for soil food web diagnostics: Extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 18: 1-29
[35] 宋敏, 尹乐琳, 刘佳慧, 等. 施肥对黄淮海平原冬小麦样地土壤线虫群落组成及多样性的影响. 河南大学学报: 自然科学版, 2019, 49(4): 437-443 [Song M, Yin L-L, Liu J-H, et al. Dynamics of soil nematode communities in winter wheat fields under different nitrogen managements in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Journal of Henan University: Natural Science, 2019, 49(4): 437-443]
[36] Liang W, Lou Y, Li Q, et al. Nematode faunal response to long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure in Northeast China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41: 883-890
[37] Clark MS, Ferris H, Klonsky K, et al. Agronomic, economic, and environmental comparison of pest management in conventional and alternative tomato and corn systems in northern California. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1998, 68: 51-71
[38] Li Q, Jiang Y, Liang WJ, et al. Long-term effect of fertility management on the soil nematode community in vegetable production under greenhouse conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 2010, 46: 111-118
[39] 张靖楠, 李琪, 梁文举, 等. 土壤线虫生态毒理学研究现状及展望. 生态毒理学报, 2009, 4(3): 305-314 [Zhang J-N, Li Q, Liang W-J, et al. Present situation and prospect of soil nematode ecotoxicology. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2009, 4(3): 305-314]
[40] 孟红旗, 刘景, 徐明岗, 等. 长期施肥下我国典型农田耕层土壤的pH演变. 土壤学报, 2013, 50(6): 1109-1116 [Meng H-Q, Liu J, Xiu M-G, et al. Evolution of pH in topsoils of typical Chinese cropland under long-term fertilization. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(6): 1109-1116]
[41] 刘雨迪, 陈小云, 刘满强, 等. 不同稻作年限下土壤微生物学性质和线虫群落特征的变化. 生物多样性, 2013, 21(3): 334-342 [Liu Y-D, Chen X-Y, Liu M-Q, et al. Changes in soil microbial properties and nematode assemblage over time during rice cultivation. Biodiversity Science, 2013, 21(3): 334-342]
[42] 李玉娟, 吴纪华, 陈慧丽, 等. 线虫作为土壤健康指示生物的方法及应用. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(8): 1541-1546 [Li Y-J, Wu J-H, Chen H-L, et al. Nematodes as bioindicator of soil health: Methods and applications. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(8): 1541-1546]
[43] 刘婷, 叶成龙, 陈小云, 等. 不同有机肥源及其与化肥配施对稻田土壤线虫群落结构的影响. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(12): 3508-3516 [Liu T, Ye C-L, Chen X-Y, et al. Effects of different organic manure sources and their combinations with chemical fertilization on soil nematode community structure in a paddy field of East China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(12): 3508-3516]